EAL

Recommendations Summary

Search Plan and Results

Evidence Analysis Question(s)

In patients with heart failure (NYHA Classes I–IV/AHA Stages B and C), what is the effect of medical nutrition therapy by a registered dietitian nutritionist on renal function labs and clinical labs?

In patients with heart failure (NYHA Classes I–IV/AHA Stages B and C), what is the effect of medical nutrition therapy by a registered dietitian nutritionist on quality measures (re-admissions rate, length of stay, mortality)?

In patients with heart failure (NYHA Classes I–IV/AHA Stages B and C), what is the effect of medical nutrition therapy by a registered dietitian nutritionist on quality of life, signs and symptoms?

In patients with advanced heart failure (NYHA Class IV/AHA Stage D), what is the effect of medical nutrition therapy by a registered dietitian nutritionist on quality of life, signs and symptoms?

In patients with advanced heart failure (NYHA Class IV/AHA Stage D), what is the effect of medical nutrition therapy by a registered dietitian nutritionist on renal function labs and clinical labs?

In patients with advanced heart failure (NYHA Class IV/AHA Stage D), what is the effect of medical nutrition therapy by a registered dietitian nutritionist on quality measures (re-admissions rate, length of stay, mortality)?

Date of Literature Review

August 2014

Inclusion Criteria

Age
All adults (19 years of age and older).

Setting
All settings.

Health Status
Ejection fraction up to 45%.

Nutrition-Related Problem or Condition

Cachexia

Edema

Fatigue

Shortness of breath

Limited activities

Anorexia

QOL

Re-admissions.

Study Design Preferences

RCT or clinical controlled trials

Meta-analysis

Cohort studies; retrospective or prospective

At least four weeks or one month in duration.

Size of Study Groups
No more than 10 in each arm.

Study Drop-Out Rate
Less than 20%.

Year Range
2000 to July 2014.

Authorship
If an author is included on more than one primary research article that is similar in content, the most recent article will be accepted and earlier versions will be rejected. If an author is included on more than one primary research article and the content is different, then both articles may be accepted.

Language
Limited to articles in English.

Exclusion Criteria

Age
Children (under 19 years of age).

Health Status

Ejection fraction over 45%

Preserved ejection fraction.

Nutrition-Related Problem or Condition
None.

Study Design Preferences

Review papers (all kinds), commentaries, case reports

Shorter than four weeks or one month in duration.

Size of Study Groups
Fewer than 10 individuals in each arm.

Study Drop-Out Rate
Over 20%.

Year Range
Prior to 2000.

Language
Not English.

Search Terms: Search Vocabulary

Health Condition (populations of patients)

Advanced heart failure

Clinically stable

Chronic heart failure

Heart failure

Congestive heart failure

Cardiomyopathy

Postpartum cardiomyopathy

Renal insufficiency

Reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Intervention

Medical nutrition therapy

Registered dietitian nutritionist

Registered dietitian

Nutrition counseling

Diet therapy.

Outcomes

QOL

Re-admissions

Length of stay

Self-adherence (management)

Beck depression score

Energy balance

BP

Sodium intake

Fluid intake

Mortality.

Study Design
RCT (randomized controlled trial); clinical-controlled trial; meta-analysis; cohort (prospective or retrospective) at least four weeks or one month in duration.

Limits to be applied at the start of a search

RCT

Randomized controlled trial

Clinical-controlled trial

Meta-analysis

Cohort (prospective or retrospective)

Publication range: 01/01/2000 – 08/31/2014

Humans

Age: 19 years or older

Language: English.

Electronic Databases

MNT search results

PubMed

Search Terms

Hits

Abstracts to Rev

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

224

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

4

1

Allard JP[Author] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

5

1

Newton GE[Author] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

35

1

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (registered[All Fields] AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

0

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("nutritional status"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "status"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional status"[All Fields] OR "nutrition"[All Fields] OR "nutritional sciences"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "sciences"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional sciences"[All Fields]) AND ("counselling"[All Fields] OR "counseling"[MeSH Terms] OR "counseling"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

5

2

Kugler C[Author] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

2

1

Malesha D[Author]

17

1

Schrader E[Author] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

1

1

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

315

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

5

1

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

0

(advanced[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

7

0

(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

64

1

(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

0

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

224

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

4

1

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

0

(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

1

0

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

4

1

(advanced[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND (("nutritional status"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "status"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional status"[All Fields] OR "nutrition"[All Fields] OR "nutritional sciences"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "sciences"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional sciences"[All Fields]) AND ("counselling"[All Fields] OR "counseling"[MeSH Terms] OR "counseling"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

0

(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND (("nutritional status"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "status"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional status"[All Fields] OR "nutrition"[All Fields] OR "nutritional sciences"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "sciences"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional sciences"[All Fields]) AND ("counselling"[All Fields] OR "counseling"[MeSH Terms] OR "counseling"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

1

0

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("nutritional status"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "status"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional status"[All Fields] OR "nutrition"[All Fields] OR "nutritional sciences"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "sciences"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional sciences"[All Fields]) AND ("counselling"[All Fields] OR "counseling"[MeSH Terms] OR "counseling"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

5

2

(advanced[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

18

(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

105

(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

2

0

(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

0

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

315

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

5

1

("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])

0

Search Terms	Hits	Abstracts to Rev
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	224
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	4	1
Allard JP[Author] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	5	1
Newton GE[Author] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	35	1
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (registered[All Fields] AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	0
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("nutritional status"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "status"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional status"[All Fields] OR "nutrition"[All Fields] OR "nutritional sciences"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "sciences"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional sciences"[All Fields]) AND ("counselling"[All Fields] OR "counseling"[MeSH Terms] OR "counseling"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	5	2
Kugler C[Author] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	2	1
Malesha D[Author]	17	1
Schrader E[Author] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	1	1
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	315
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	5	1
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	0
(advanced[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	7	0
(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	64	1
(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	0
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	224
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	4	1
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	0
(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])
(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	1	0
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("nutrition therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "nutrition therapy"[All Fields] OR ("medical"[All Fields] AND "nutrition"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "medical nutrition therapy"[All Fields]) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	4	1
(advanced[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND (("nutritional status"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "status"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional status"[All Fields] OR "nutrition"[All Fields] OR "nutritional sciences"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "sciences"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional sciences"[All Fields]) AND ("counselling"[All Fields] OR "counseling"[MeSH Terms] OR "counseling"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	0
(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND (("nutritional status"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "status"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional status"[All Fields] OR "nutrition"[All Fields] OR "nutritional sciences"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "sciences"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional sciences"[All Fields]) AND ("counselling"[All Fields] OR "counseling"[MeSH Terms] OR "counseling"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	1	0
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND (("nutritional status"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "status"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional status"[All Fields] OR "nutrition"[All Fields] OR "nutritional sciences"[MeSH Terms] OR ("nutritional"[All Fields] AND "sciences"[All Fields]) OR "nutritional sciences"[All Fields]) AND ("counselling"[All Fields] OR "counseling"[MeSH Terms] OR "counseling"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	5	2
(advanced[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	18
(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	105
(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	2	0
(chronic[All Fields] AND ("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields])) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	0
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	315
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "dietitian"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	5	1
("heart failure"[MeSH Terms] OR ("heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "heart failure"[All Fields] OR ("congestive"[All Fields] AND "heart"[All Fields] AND "failure"[All Fields]) OR "congestive heart failure"[All Fields]) AND ("diet therapy"[Subheading] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "diet therapy"[All Fields] OR "diet therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diet"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields])) AND ("nutritionists"[MeSH Terms] OR "nutritionists"[All Fields] OR "nutritionist"[All Fields]) AND (("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2014/12/31"[PDAT]) AND "humans"[MeSH Terms] AND English[lang] AND "adult"[MeSH Terms])	0

List of Included Articles

Donner Alves F, Correa Souza G, Brunetto S, Schweigert Perry ID, Biolo A. Nutritional orientation, knowledge and quality of diet in heart failure: randomized clinical trial. Nutr Hosp. 2012; 27 (2): 441-448.
Kugler C, Malehsa D, Schrader E, Tegtbur U, Guetzlaff E, Haverich A, Strueber M. A multi-modal intervention in management of left ventricular assist device outpatients: dietary counselling, controlled exercise and psychosocial support. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012; 42 (6): 1, 026-1, 032.

Included Articles 2006

Arcand JL, Brazel S, Joliffe C, et al, Education by a dietitian in patients with heart failure results in improved adherence with a sodium-restricted diet: A randomized trial. Am Heart J. 2005; 150: 716e1-716e5.

Articles Considered, but Excluded

List of Excluded Articles with Reason

Reference	Reason Excluded
Lycholip E, Celutkiene J, Rudys A, Steponenieni R, Laucevicius A. Patient education significantly improves quality of life, exercise capacity and BNP level in stable heart failure patients. Acta Cardiol. 2010; 65 (5): 549-556.	MNT by nurses, not RDNs

Excluded Articles 2006

Reference	Reason Excluded
Alvelos M, Ferreira A, Bettencourt P, Serrao P, Pestana M, Cerqueira-Gomes M, Soares-Da-Silva P. The effect of dietary sodium restriction on neurohumoral activity and renal dopaminergic response in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004; 6 (5): 593-599.	Not RD delivered
Damgaard M, Norsk P, Gustafsson F, Kanters JK, Christensen NJ, Bie P, Friberg L, Gadsboll N. Hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to changes in sodium intake in compensated heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 May; 290 (5): R1, 294-291, 301. Epub 2005 Dec 15.	Not RD delivered
Ducharme A, Doyon O, White M, Rouleau JL, Brophy JM. Impact of care at a multidisciplinary congestive heart failure clinic: a randomized trial. CMAJ. 2005 Jul 5; 173 (1): 40-45.	Not diet specific
Dunbar SB, Clark PC, Deaton C, Smith AL, De AK, O'Brien MC. Family education and support interventions in heart failure: a pilot study. Nurs Res. 2005 May-Jun; 54 (3): 158-166.	Not diet specific
Futterman LG, Lemberg L. Diuretics, the most critical therapy in heart failure, yet often neglected in the literature. Am J Crit Care. 2003 Jul; 12 (4): 376-380.	Wrong study design (case reports)
Kimmelstiel C, Levine D, Perry K, Patel AR, Sadaniantz A, Gorham N, Cunnie M, Duggan L, Cotter L, Shea-Albright P, Poppas A, LaBresh K, Forman D, Brill D, Rand W, Gregory D, Udelson JE, Lorell B, Konstam V, Furlong K, Konstam MA. Randomized, controlled evaluation of short- and long-term benefits of heart failure disease management within a diverse provider network: the SPAN-CHF trial. Circulation. 2004 Sep 14; 110 (11): 1, 450-1, 455. Epub 2004 Aug 16.	Not diet specific
Kuehneman T, Saulsbury D, Splett P, Chapman DB. Demonstrating the impact of nutrition intervention in a heart failure program. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002; 102: 1, 790-1, 794.	No EF reported
McAlister FA, Teo KK. The management of congestive heart failure. Postgrad Med J. 1997 Apr; 73 (858): 194-200.	Wrong study design (review, not systematic review)
Meadows R, Johnson ED. Clinical inquiries. Does a low-salt diet reduce morbidity and mortality in congestive heart failure? J Fam Pract. 2002 Jul; 51 (7): 615.	Wrong study design (clinical inquiry)
Paul S, Trupp RJ. Case studies in heart failure. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2003 Dec; 15 (4): 519-523.	Wrong study design (case reports)
Ramirez EC, Martinez LC, et al. Effects of a Nutritional Intervention on Body Compositiion, Clinical Status, and Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure. Nutrition, 2004; 20: 890-895.	Not all subjects had ejection fraction <45%
Sethares KA, Elliott K. The effect of a tailored message intervention on heart failure readmission rates, quality of life, and benefit and barrier beliefs in persons with heart failure. Heart Lung. 2004 Jul-Aug; 33(4): 249-260.	Not diet specific
Smith B, Forkner E, Zaslow B, Krasuski RA, Stajduhar K, Kwan M, Ellis R, Galbreath AD, Freeman GL. Disease management produces limited quality-of-life improvements in patients with congestive heart failure: evidence from a randomized trial in community-dwelling patients. Am J Manag Care. 2005 Nov; 11 (11): 701-713.	Not diet specific
Steele IC, Young IS, Stevenson HP, Maguire S, Livingstone MB, Rollo M, Scrimgeour C, Rennie MJ, Nicholls DP. Body composition and energy expenditure of patients with chronic cardiac failure. Eur J Clin Invest. 1998 Jan; 28 (1): 33-40.	Off topic

Search Methods and Results

Identification

Articles Identified Through Database Searching: 1368
Additional Articles Identified Through Other Sources: 15

Screening

Articles Screened After Removing Duplicates: 1356
Articles Excluded During the Screening Process: 1341

Eligibility

Full-text Articles Assessed for Eligibility: 18
Full-text Articles Excluded: 15

Included

Articles Included in Qualitative Synthesis: 3
Articles Included in Quantitative Synthesis (Meta-analysis): 0