• Assessment
    In healthy adults, what are the energy measurement differences between measurements performed on the same individual using repeated morning fasting measures, assuming resting conditions are followed?
    • Conclusion

      One study (Heymsfield S et al, 1987) using a face mask gas collection device and of moderate research design quality reports a 6±0.6 (SEM) % average (range: 1.9 to 17.8%) within subject coefficient of variation in 24 healthy individuals (13M; 6 F, age range 19-51 y) using repeated RMR morning fasting measures (i.e., between 5-8 measurements/individual) over 4 hours.

    • Grade: III
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In healthy adults, what are the group mean energy measurement differences between measurements performed on the same individual at various times of the day, assuming resting conditions are followed?
    • Conclusion

      Two neutral research design quality studies (Audrain et al, 1991 and Westrate et al, 1993) report that fasting group mean RMR variability in morning measures is within 2% in 34 nonobese adults, ages 18 to 32 years. A third study of moderate research design (Heymsfield S et al, 1987) reports a fasting group mean individual CV over 4 hours of 1.5 kcal/hour in 19 healthy individuals (13M; 6 F, age range 19-51 y). One plus quality research design study (Westrate et al, 1993) reflecting data from 10 lean men, ages 20-24 years reports 95% of individuals will have RMR changes from 1 kcal/hour lower to 5 kcal/hour higher between a fasting RMR morning measure and an afternoon post-absorptive (i.e., 6-7 hours after eating) measure; representing a daily variability range of a 29 kcals lower to 115 kcals higher/day when extrapolated to 24 hours.

    • Grade: II
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.