One positive quality RCT found supplementation with high-dose multiple antioxidants vitamin C (6100 mg/day), vitamin E (1050 mg/day) and synthetic beta carotene (60 mg/day) did not significantly influence response to treatment, survival, survival time and toxicity in patients receiving chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin) for advanced stage (IIIb and IV) non-small-cell lung cancer.

• Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
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Seven studies were reviewed to evaluate dietary treatment of diarrhea/malabsorption in people with HIV infection. Many of these studies did not provide information on medications.  Two studies regarding fat malabsorption reported that consumption of medium chain triglycerides resulted in fewer stools, decreased stool fat and weight and increased fat absorption. Two studies regarding vitamin A and beta-carotene supplementation reported decreased gut permeability and risk of severe watery diarrhea. Further research regarding amino acid-based elemental diets, probiotics, pancreatic enzyme therapy, calcium carbonate, glutamine and the BRAT diet in people with HIV/AIDS is warranted, as well as the effect of medications.

• Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
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• Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.

Supplemental Beta-carotene (60-200 mg/day) does not decrease the risk for cardiovascular death or nonfatal MI in primary and secondary prevention patients

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Supplementation with the antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E and/or beta-carotene does not decrease, and in some cases may increase, all-cause mortality. Two meta-analyses of beta-carotene supplementation (1.2mg to 50mg) both reported increased mortality. Two of six meta-analyses of vitamin E supplementation (ranging from 16.5 IU to 5,000 IU) reported increased mortality. The one meta-analysis regarding supplementation with vitamin C (60mg to 2,000mg) reported no effect on mortality. Meta-analyses included 79 randomized controlled trials.

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Supplemental Vitamin C and E, Beta-carotene, and Selenium should not be taken with Simvastatin-Niacin drug combination because the combination of these antioxidants may lower HDL₂-C, a beneficial subfraction of HDL-C.

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• Grade V is Not Assignable.
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• Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.

Supplemental Beta-carotene (60-120 mg/day) is associated with an increase in all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in patients at increased risk for lung cancer.

• Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
• Grade II is Fair;
• Grade III is Limited/Weak;
• Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
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• High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
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• Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
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• Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.

• Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
• Grade II is Fair;
• Grade III is Limited/Weak;
• Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
• Grade V is Not Assignable.
• High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
• Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
• Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
• Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
• Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.