Diabetes: Type 1 and 2

Diabetes: Type 1 and 2

Welcome to the Diabetes Mellitus Types 1 and 2 Systematic Review and Guideline

 
The focus of the 2015 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Guideline is on medical nutrition therapy for adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Special objectives include: guiding decisions that integrate medical nutritional and behavioral strategies; reducing variations in practice among RDNs; and development of guidelines for interventions that have measurable clinical outcomes.

For the Systematic Review, the workgroup concentrated its efforts on four sub-topics:

  • Medical Nutrition Therapy
  • Carbohydrates (Carbohydrate Amount, Carbohydrate Management, Fiber, Glycemic Index, Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners)
  • Fat (Fat Amount, Types of Fat, Omega-3 Fatty Acids)
  • Protein (Protein Amount, Types of Protein [Vegetable-based vs. Animal-based])

View the results of 40 evidence analysis questions by using the links on the left.

The Guideline includes recommendations based on the systematic review plus recommendations from other sources, including the American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Major outcomes considered include:

  • Glycemia (A1C or glucose)
  • Medication usage (insulin or other glucose-lowering medications)
  • Cardiovascular disease risk factors (lipids or blood pressure)
  • Quality of Life
  • Weight management (pounds, waist circumference or body mass index)

The guideline focuses on adults diagnosed with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes.  For recommendations on the prevention of diabetes, visit the Diabetes (Type 2) Prevention EAL Guideline

Please use the left navigation bar to view the guideline recommendations and supporting evidence. Expand the sections below for a listing of individuals who contributed to the development of the project. Expand the Project Resources section to learn how to purchase the 2015 Diabetes Evidence-Based Nutrition Recommendations Pocket Card.

  • Project Team (2013-2015)

    The following individuals contributed their valuable time and expertise on this project:

    Workgroup Members

    • Marion Franz, MS, RD, LD, CDE, Chair
    • Catherine Brown, MS, RD, LDN, CDE
    • Alison Evert, MS, RD, CDE
    • Janice MacLeod, MA, RD, CDE
    • Adam Reppert, MS, RD, CDE
    • Megan Robinson, MS, RD, LD, CDE
    • Deepa Handu, PhD, RD (resigned)

    Lead Analyst

    • Erica Gradwell, MS, RD
    • Deepa Handu*, PhD, RD

    Project Manager

    • Deepa Handu*, PhD, RD

    Evidence Analysts

    • Kimberley Bandelier, MPH, LD, RDN
    • Lori Brizee, MS, RDN, LD, CDE
    • Chandra B. Carty, MMSC, LD, RD
    • Roseline Jan, MS, RDN
    • Lisa A. Johnson, MS, RD, CSG, LD, CDE
    • Renata Korczak, PhD, RD
    • Holly Larson, MS, RD
    • Nichole McGrath, MS, RD
    • Patricia Mendoza, MS, RD
    • Hope Paul, MS, RD, CDE, CNSC
    • Joan Pleuss, MS, CD, RD
    • Jennifer Shoemaker, MS, LDN, RD

    Guideline Reviewers

    • Karen Chapman-Novakofski, PhD, RDN
    • Andrea Vegh Dunn, RD, LD, CDE
    • Linda B. Haas, PhC, RN, CDE
    • Karmeen Kulkarni, MS, RD, BC-ADM, CDE
    • Melinda D. Marynuik, RD, MEd, CDE
    • Arlene M. Monk, RD, LD, CDE
    • Lucia M. Novak, MSN, ANP-BC, BC-ADM, CDTC
    • Joshua J. Neumiller, PharmD, CDE
    • Patti Urbanski, MEd, RD, LD, CDE
    • Hope Warshaw, MMSc, RD, CDE, BC-ADM, FAADE

    Academy Staff

    • Deepa Handu, PhD, RD
      • Deepa Handu resigned from the workgroup to join the staff at the Academy.


    Financial Contributor

    • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
       

    Disclosures of Potential Conflict of Interest: In the interest of full disclosure, the Academy has adopted the policy of revealing relationships workgroup members have with companies that sell products or services that are relevant to this topic. Workgroup members are required to disclose potential conflicts of interest by completing the Academy Conflict of Interest Form. It should not be assumed that these financial interests will have an adverse impact on the content, but they are noted here to fully inform readers.

    • Alison Evert - received an honorarium for serving on Editorial Board of Journal of American Diabetes Association
    • Janice MacLeod - employed at Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Care
  • Project Resources

    The following resources were developed for this project:
     

    • Diabetes 2015 Evidence-Based Nutrition Recommendations Pocket Guide - This practical quick-reference pocket guide contains the DM2015 evidence-based recommendations. Available in print and digital format.
      • Print format: 4.25"x7.25" multifold.  Learn more...
      • Digital format: compatible with iPhone, iPad and Andorid products. Learn more ...