VN: Cardiovascular Disease (2024)

VN: Cardiovascular Disease (2024)

• Intervention
  In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on cardiovascular disease events and mortality?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with cardiovascular disease, vegan diets may have no effect on cardiovascular events or mortality compared to a therapeutic non-vegetarian diet. There was no evidence available evaluating the effect of vegetarian diets that weren’t vegan on cardiovascular events or mortality.

  • Grade: Low (C)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on cardiovascular disease events and mortality?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Shah B, Newman J, Woolf K, Ganguzza L, Guo Y, Allen N, Zhong J, Fisher E, Slater J. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Vegan Diet Versus the American Heart Association-Recommended Diet in Coronary Artery Disease Trial. Journal of the American Heart Association 2018; 7:e011367
  • Search Plan and Results: Vegetarian Nutrition and Disease Management (2024)
     
  In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on blood pressure?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with cardiovascular disease, vegetarian diets may have no effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure compared to therapeutic or non-therapeutic non-vegetarian diets, but evidence is uncertain. There was no evidence available evaluating the effect of vegan diets on blood pressure.

  • Grade: Very Low (D)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on blood pressure?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Aldana S, Greenlaw R, Salberg A, Merrill R, Hager R, Jorgensen R. The effects of an intensive lifestyle modification program on carotid artery intima-media thickness: a randomized trial. American Journal of Health Promotion 2007; 21:510-516
      • Djekic D, Shi L, Brolin H, Carlsson F, Särnqvist C, Savolainen O, Cao Y, Bäckhed F, Tremaroli V, Landberg R, Frøbert O. Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020; 9:e016518
  • Search Plan and Results: Vegetarian Nutrition and Disease Management (2024)
     
  In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on body mass index?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with cardiovascular disease, vegetarian and vegan diets may have little or no effect on body mass index compared to therapeutic or non-therapeutic non-vegetarian diets.

  • Grade: Low (C)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on body mass index?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Aldana S, Greenlaw R, Salberg A, Merrill R, Hager R, Jorgensen R. The effects of an intensive lifestyle modification program on carotid artery intima-media thickness: a randomized trial. American Journal of Health Promotion 2007; 21:510-516
      • Djekic D, Shi L, Brolin H, Carlsson F, Särnqvist C, Savolainen O, Cao Y, Bäckhed F, Tremaroli V, Landberg R, Frøbert O. Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020; 9:e016518
      • Shah B, Newman J, Woolf K, Ganguzza L, Guo Y, Allen N, Zhong J, Fisher E, Slater J. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Vegan Diet Versus the American Heart Association-Recommended Diet in Coronary Artery Disease Trial. Journal of the American Heart Association 2018; 7:e011367
  • Search Plan and Results: Vegetarian Nutrition and Disease Management (2024)
     
  In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with cardiovascular disease, vegetarian and vegan diets may have no effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared to therapeutic or non-therapeutic non-vegetarian diets. 

  • Grade: Low (C)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Aldana S, Greenlaw R, Salberg A, Merrill R, Hager R, Jorgensen R. The effects of an intensive lifestyle modification program on carotid artery intima-media thickness: a randomized trial. American Journal of Health Promotion 2007; 21:510-516
      • Djekic D, Shi L, Brolin H, Carlsson F, Särnqvist C, Savolainen O, Cao Y, Bäckhed F, Tremaroli V, Landberg R, Frøbert O. Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020; 9:e016518
      • Shah B, Newman J, Woolf K, Ganguzza L, Guo Y, Allen N, Zhong J, Fisher E, Slater J. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Vegan Diet Versus the American Heart Association-Recommended Diet in Coronary Artery Disease Trial. Journal of the American Heart Association 2018; 7:e011367
  • Search Plan and Results: Vegetarian Nutrition and Disease Management (2024)
     
  In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on HDL cholesterol concentrations?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with cardiovascular disease, vegetarian and vegan diets may have no effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations compared to therapeutic or non-therapeutic non-vegetarian diets.

  • Grade: Low (C)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on HDL cholesterol concentrations?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Aldana S, Greenlaw R, Salberg A, Merrill R, Hager R, Jorgensen R. The effects of an intensive lifestyle modification program on carotid artery intima-media thickness: a randomized trial. American Journal of Health Promotion 2007; 21:510-516
      • Djekic D, Shi L, Brolin H, Carlsson F, Särnqvist C, Savolainen O, Cao Y, Bäckhed F, Tremaroli V, Landberg R, Frøbert O. Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020; 9:e016518
      • Shah B, Newman J, Woolf K, Ganguzza L, Guo Y, Allen N, Zhong J, Fisher E, Slater J. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Vegan Diet Versus the American Heart Association-Recommended Diet in Coronary Artery Disease Trial. Journal of the American Heart Association 2018; 7:e011367
  • Search Plan and Results: Vegetarian Nutrition and Disease Management (2024)
     
  In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on quality of life?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with cardiovascular disease, vegetarian and vegan diets may have no effect on quality of life compared to therapeutic or non-therapeutic non-vegetarian diets.

  • Grade: Low (C)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on quality of life?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Djekic D, Shi L, Brolin H, Carlsson F, Särnqvist C, Savolainen O, Cao Y, Bäckhed F, Tremaroli V, Landberg R, Frøbert O. Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020; 9:e016518
      • Shah B, Newman J, Woolf K, Ganguzza L, Guo Y, Allen N, Zhong J, Fisher E, Slater J. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Vegan Diet Versus the American Heart Association-Recommended Diet in Coronary Artery Disease Trial. Journal of the American Heart Association 2018; 7:e011367
  • Search Plan and Results: Vegetarian Nutrition and Disease Management (2024)
     
  In adults with cardiovascular disease, what are the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on vitamin B12 concentrations and adverse events?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with cardiovascular disease, there were no randomized controlled trials identified examining the effects of vegetarian diets, compared to non-vegetarian diets, on vitamin B12 concentrations and adverse events. 

  • Grade: Ungraded
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: Vegetarian Nutrition and Disease Management (2024)