HTN: Sub-group Analysis of MNT Interventions (2022-24)
Medical Nutrition Therapy Interventions: Sub-Group Analysis
The following table is a visual representation of the results of a subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effect of medical nutrition therapy delivered by a registered dietitian nutritionist or international equivalent on adults with pre-hypertension or hypertension according to intervention characteristics mean difference (95% CI)a. Further synthesis can be found in the systematic review evidence summaries.
| Variable | SBP (mmHG) (n=21 studies) |
DBP (mmHG) (n=22 studies) |
BW (KG) (n=14 studies) |
BMI (kg/m2) (n=7 studies) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietitian only or Multidisciplinary Team vs. Controls | ||||
| Dietitian only | -4.73 (-5.66, -3.80) n=8 studies |
-2.49 (-3.16, -1.82) n=9 studies |
-2.09 (-3.98, -0.20) n=2 studies |
-1.45 (-2.79, -0.10) n=3 studies |
| Multidisciplinary | -2.04 (-2.73, -1.36) n=13 studies |
-1.25 (-2.59, -1.50) n=13 studies |
-1.73 (-2.67, -0.79) n=12 studies |
-0.22 (-0.41, -0.03) n=4 studies |
| Individual or Blended (individual and group) Intervention Settings vs. Controls | ||||
| Individual | -4.53 (-6.54, -2.53) n=13 studies |
-2.29 (-3.45, -1.13) n=13 studies |
-0.79 (-1.50, -0.07) n=6 studies |
-0.09 (-0.35, 0.17) n=5 studies |
| Group | -5.50 (-18.52, 7.52) n=1 study |
-3.50 (-9.82, 2.82) n=1 study |
-0.90 (-15.20, 13.40) n=1 study |
n=0 studies |
| Blended | -3.27 (-4.10, -2.44) n=7 studies |
-1.91 (-2.55, -1.26) n=8 studies |
-2.41 (-3.62, -1.19) n=7 studies |
-0.67 (-1.76, 0.41) n=2 studies |
| Anti-hypertensive Medication Use vs. Controls | ||||
| Majority using anti-HTN |
-3.16 (-4.12, -2.21) n=12 studies |
-1.62 (-2.30, -0.93) n=14 studiesb |
-1.26 (-2.01, -0.51) n=11 studies |
-0.22 (-0.47, 0.02) n=4 studies |
| No anti-HTN use | -5.16 (-6.98, -3.34) n=9 studies |
-2.71 (-3.75, -1.66) n=9 studiesb |
-2.31 (-3.84, -0.79) n=3 studies |
-1.18 (-2.79, 0.42) n=3 studies |
| Duration of Intervention vs. Controls | ||||
| <6 months | -4.66 (-5.86, -3.46) n=11 studies |
-3.51 (-4.53, -2.48) n=12 studies |
-0.65 (-1.29, -0.01) n=5 studies |
-1.20 (-2.78, 0.37) n=3 studies |
| 6-12 months | -4.58 (-9.30, 0.14) n=6 studies |
-1.48 (-2.21, -0.75) n=7 studies |
-1.88 (-3.20, -0.56) n=6 studies |
-0.08 (-0.34, 0.18) n=3 studies |
| >12 months |
-2.81 (-3.67, -1.96) |
-1.28 (-2.21, -0.35) |
-2.49 (-4.02, -0.96) n=3 studies |
-0.40 (-0.67, -0.13) n=1 study |
| Publication Date vs. Controls | ||||
| Published before 2000 |
-3.04 (-3.82, -2.26) n=8 studies |
-1.75 (-2.35, -1.15) n=9 studies |
-2.25 (-3.44, -1.05) n=8 studies |
-0.40 (-0.68, -0.13) n=2 studies |
| Published2000 onward |
-5.48 (-8.10, -2.87) n=13 studies |
-2.73 (-4.19, -1.27) n=13 studies |
-0.86 (-1.61, -0.10) n=6 studies |
-0.10 (-0.36, 0.16) n=5 studies |
| Overweight/Obesity Required for Inclusion (Yes vs. No) | ||||
| Overweight/Obesity Required |
-4.17 (-7.30, -1.05) n=7 studies |
-2.42 (-3.49, -1.34) n=8 studies |
-2.00 (-3.31, -0.69) n=6 studies |
-0.10 (-0.43, 0.23) n=2 studies |
| Not required | -3.45 (-4.24, -2.67) n=14 studies |
-1.76 (-2.43, -1.09) n=14 studies |
-1.67 (-2.87, -0.47) n=8 studies |
-0.42 (-0.69, -0.15) n-5 studies |
| Anti-HTN=anti-hypertensive medication; BMI=body mass index; BW=body weight; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure | ||||
a All results are compared with control groups. For the study characteristic of “ROB classification”, too few studies were classified as “High risk” or “Low risk” to be stratified in subgroup analyses; thus, ROB classification was not included in subgroup analyses.
b Samples sizes do not add up to n=22 studies, as one publication included analysis of anti-HTN use vs. no anti-HTN use for BW and is represented in the sample size for each category.