• Increase Font Size
  • Decrease Font Size
  • View as PDF

  • Intervention
    Will consuming high fiber foods as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol reduce total cholesterol and LDL even more than a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol alone?
    • Conclusion

      Consuming diets high in total fiber (17-30g/day) and soluble fiber (7-13g/day) as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol can further reduced TC by 2-3% and LDL up to 7%.

    • Grade: I
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    What risk factors for CHD may be modified by a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol and high in total and soluble fiber?
    • Conclusion

      Limited research indicates that other risk factors for CHD may be modified by a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol and high in total and soluble fiber. These risk factors include BP, lipoprotein subclasses and particle sizes, and fasting and post-prandial insulin.

    • Grade: III
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In adults, what is the relation between LDL-Cholesterol and replacing dietary saturated fatty acids with MUFAs and PUFAs?
    • Conclusion

      Isocalorically replacing saturated fatty acids with MUFA and PUFA is associated with reductions in LDL-C.

    • Grade: I
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Monitoring and Evaluation
    In patients with disorders of lipid metabolism, does medical nutrition therapy (MNT) given by a registered dietitian result in changes in levels of dietary fat, saturated fat, serum cholesterol, and cardiac risk factors?
    • Conclusion

      Available data from studies on Medical Nutrition Therapy provided by a registered dietitian indicate that with 2 to 6 planned visits patients reported 15-22% reduction in total dietary fat (from 32-33% of calories to 25-28% of calories), and 22-36% reduction in saturated fat (from 11-12% of calories to 7-9% of calories). This was accompanied by 6-13% reduction in total plasma cholesterol and 7-14% reduction in LDL-C. Findings further suggest decreases in triglycerides and possibly HDL but results are inconsistent. MNT involved an initial planned visit ranging from 45-90 minutes and a follow-up planned visits ranging from 30-60 minutes over a 6 week to 6 month time period. Data on long-term adherence and sustained lipid response are unavailable.

    • Grade: I
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.