Sixteen studies were evaluated regarding blood glucose monitoring and ketone testing in pregnant women and in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Six studies report that fasting blood glucose monitoring results in improved glucose control and therefore less risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Seven studies report a correlation between postprandial blood glucose values with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes; however, ideal postprandial testing timing is unknown. Two of three studies regarding ketonemia and ketonuria with poor metabolic control during a diabetic pregnancy report a positive association with lower IQ in offspring.
