Self-monitoring of blood glucose is an essential component of maintaining desirable blood glucose in women with GDM. Studies have shown the best outcomes when both fasting and 1 or 2-hour postprandial blood glucose is monitored several times day and used to modify food intake or meal patterns and physical activity. Goals for blood glucose are fasting: = 95 mg/dl, 1-hour: = 140 mg/dl and 2-hour: = 120 mg/dl. Mean serum glucose levels = 86 mg/dl increase the risk for small for gestational age infants and mean glucose levels = 105 mg/dl increase the risk for macrosomia.

• Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
• Grade II is Fair;
• Grade III is Limited/Weak;
• Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
• Grade V is Not Assignable.
• High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
• Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
• Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
• Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
• Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.