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  • Intervention
    Do protein sparing modified fast diets bring about greater weight loss in children than macronutrient balanced diets of the same level of energy intake?
    • Conclusion

      There is insufficient evidence to suggest that high-protein, low-carbohydrate, very-low-calorie diets (protein-sparing modified fast) result in greater long-term weight loss in children, compared to balanced macronutrient diets at the same calorie intake level.

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    Do protein sparing modified fast diets preserve fat free body mass in children better than balanced macronutrient diets at the same level of energy intake?
    • Conclusion

      There is insufficient evidence to determine whether the short-term use of protein-sparing modified-fast diets preserve fat-free body mass in children any more or less effectively than balanced macronutrient diets at the same energy intake level.

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    Are children on protein sparing modified fast diets less hungry than children on balanced macronutrient diets at the same level of energy intake?
    • Conclusion

       

      There is insufficient evidence to determine whether or not high-protein, low-carbohydrate, very-low-calorie diets provide a greater level of satiety for children in weight loss programs than balanced macronutrient diets at the same level of energy intake.

       

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In adolescents, what balanced macronutrient dietary interventions are effective in treating obesity?
    • Conclusion

      Using a reduced-calorie diet (over 1,200-DRI kcal per day) in the acute treatment phase of adolescent obesity is generally effective for short-term improvement in weight status. However, without continuing intervention, weight is regained.

      All the studies reviewed had treatment programs lasting less than one year (three weeks to nine months) and evidence on longer-term treatment trials was not available.

    • Grade: I
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In children ages 6-12, what is the effectiveness of using balanced macronutrient, low calorie (900-1200 kcal per day) dietary interventions for treating childhood obesity?
    • Conclusion

      Using a low-calorie diet (900 to 1,200kcal per day) as part of a clinically supervised, multi-component weight-loss program is associated with both short-term and longer-term reduction in adiposity among six- to 12-year-old children.

    • Grade: I
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In children ages 6-12, what is the effectiveness of using balanced macronutrient, reduced calorie (>1200 kcal-DRI per day) dietary interventions for treating childhood obesity?
    • Conclusion

      Reduced calorie diets (over 1,200kcal-DRI) may be an effective part of a multi-component weight-management (weight-loss or weight-stabilization) program in children ages six to 12 in both the short-term and longer-term (one to two years).

    • Grade: III
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    In children ages 2-5, what is the effectiveness of using balanced macronutrient, reduced calorie dietary interventions for treating childhood obesity?
    • Conclusion

      No studies were identified that used a reduced-calorie, balanced-macronutrient intervention to treat pediatric obesity in pre-school children (ages two to five).

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.