Four short-term randomized controlled trials (Akhaven 2007, Melanson 2007, Soenen 2008, Stanhope 2008), two longitudinal studies (Monsivais 2007, Streigel-Moore 2006), two cross-sectional studies (Duffey 2008, Mackenzie 2006) and five review articles (Angelopoulos 2009, Bray 2004, Forshee 2007, Melanson 2008, White 2009) examined the effects of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) compared with other nutritive sweeteners. These studies consistently found little evidence that HFCS differs uniquely from sucrose and other nutritive sweeteners in metabolic effects (circulating glucose, insulin, postprandial triglycerides, leptin and ghrelin), subjective effects (hunger, satiety and energy intake at subsequent meals) and adverse effects such as risk of weight gain. Randomized trials dealing specifically with HFCS were of limited number, short duration and of small sample size; therefore, long-term data is needed.
