Folate supplementation (0.8-5.0mg daily), given with other micronutrient supplements, may result in beneficial outcomes in patients with heart failure. Possible benefits include: Decrease in homocysteine levels, endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine and arterial blood pressure and improvements in left ventricular volume, ejection fraction and quality of life scores.

Vitamin B₁₂ supplementation (200mcg to 500mcg daily), given with other micronutrient supplements, may result in beneficial outcomes in patients with heart failure. Possible benefits include: Decreases in homocysteine levels, endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine, arterial blood pressure and improvements in left ventricular volume, ejection fraction and quality of life scores.

• Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
• Grade II is Fair;
• Grade III is Limited/Weak;
• Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
• Grade V is Not Assignable.
• High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
• Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
• Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
• Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
• Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.