DFA: EPA/DHA and Cognitive Health (2011)
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Assessment
What is the effect of EPA/DHA from supplemental and dietary sources on cognitive decline in adults?
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Conclusion
Based upon 14 studies (one case control, three cross-sectional, six prospective cohort and four RCT studies) primarily of healthy elderly subjects or those matched for incident dementia, results are mixed. Six of the 14 studies found a positive association of EPA, DHA or fish consumption and a decreased risk of cognitive decline. The majority of the studies included large populations of elderly subjects measuring either blood levels of EPA and DHA and fish consumption. Results vary based on dose of supplementation or dietary consumption of fish, EPA or DHA. Further research is needed to determine whether EPA, DHA and fish consumption has a protective effect for all-cause dementia. There is some evidence that ApoE e4 carrier status should be factored into future studies.
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Grade: II
- Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
- Grade II is Fair;
- Grade III is Limited/Weak;
- Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
- Grade V is Not Assignable.
- High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
- Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
- Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
- Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
- Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
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Evidence Summary: What is the effect of EPA/DHA from supplemental and dietary sources on cognitive decline in adults?
- Detail
- Quality Rating Summary
For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
- Worksheets
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- Cederholm T, Palmblad J. Are omega-3 fatty acids options for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010 Mar; 13 (2): 150-155. PMID 20019606
- Dangour AD, Allen E, Elbourne D. Effect of two-year n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive function in older people: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun; 91(6): 1,725-1,732
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- Devore, EE, Grodstein, F, van Rooij, F, Hofman, A, Rosner, B, Stampfer, MJ, Witteman, J, Breteler, M. Dietary intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids in relation to long-term dementia risk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009; 90: 170-176.
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- Fontani G, Corradeschi F, Felici A, et al. Cognitive and physiological effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in health subjects. Eur J Clin Invest. 2005; 35(11): 691-699.
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- Freund-Levi Y, Basun H, Cederholm T. Omega-3 supplementation in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: Effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 Feb; 23 (2): 161-169. PMID 17582225
- Gonzalez S, Huerta JM, Fernandez S, Patterson AM, Lasheras C. The relationship between dietary lipids and cognitive performance in an elderly population. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2010 Mar; 61 (2): 217-225.
- Gonzalez S, Huerta JM, Fernandez S, Patterson AM, Lasheras C. The relationship between dietary lipids and cognitive performance in an elderly population. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2010 Mar; 61 (2): 217-225.
- Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Lefevre M, Toner CD, Colombo J, Cunnane SC, Holden JM, Klurfeld DM, Morris MC, Whelan J. Towards establishing dietary reference intakes for eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. J Nutr. 2009 Apr; 139 (4): 804S-19S.
- Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Lefevre M, Toner CD, Colombo J, Cunnane SC, Holden JM, Klurfeld DM, Morris MC, Whelan J. Towards establishing dietary reference intakes for eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. J Nutr. 2009 Apr; 139 (4): 804S-19S.
- Huang TL, Zandi PP, et al. Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without APOE e4. Neurology 2005; 65: 1,409-1,414.
- Huang TL, Zandi PP, et al. Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without APOE e4. Neurology 2005; 65: 1,409-1,414.
- Kroger E, Verreault E, Carmicheal PH, Lindsay J, Julien P, Dewailly E, Ayotte P, Laurin D. Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of dementia: The Canadian study of health and aging. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009; 90: 184-192.
- Kroger E, Verreault E, Carmicheal PH, Lindsay J, Julien P, Dewailly E, Ayotte P, Laurin D. Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of dementia: The Canadian study of health and aging. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009; 90: 184-192.
- Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Sheu L, Yao JK, Conklin SM, Manuck SB. Serum phospholipid docosahexaenonic acid is associated with cognitive functioning during middle adulthood. J of Nutr. 2010; 140: 848-853.
- Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Sheu L, Yao JK, Conklin SM, Manuck SB. Serum phospholipid docosahexaenonic acid is associated with cognitive functioning during middle adulthood. J of Nutr. 2010; 140: 848-853.
- Samieri C, Feart C, Proust-Lima C, et al. Omega-3 acids and cognitive decline: Modulation by ApoEepsilon4 allele and depression. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 June. PMID 20570406
- Samieri C, Feart C, Proust-Lima C, et al. Omega-3 acids and cognitive decline: Modulation by ApoEepsilon4 allele and depression. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 June. PMID 20570406
- Schaefer EJ, Bongard V, Beiser AS, et al. Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimers disease. Arch Neurol. 63: 1,545-1,1550.
- Schaefer EJ, Bongard V, Beiser AS, et al. Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimers disease. Arch Neurol. 63: 1,545-1,1550.
- van de Rest, O, Geleijnse, JM, Kok, FJ, can Staveren, WA, OldeRikkert, M, Beekman, A, de Groot, L. Effect of fish oil supplementation on quality of life in a general population of older Dutch subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of American Geriatrics Society 2009; 57: 1,481-1,486.
- van de Rest, O, Geleijnse, JM, Kok, FJ, can Staveren, WA, OldeRikkert, M, Beekman, A, de Groot, L. Effect of fish oil supplementation on quality of life in a general population of older Dutch subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of American Geriatrics Society 2009; 57: 1,481-1,486.
- van de Rest O, Geleijnse JM, Kok FJ, van Staveren WA, Dullemeijer C, OldeRickkert MGM, Beekman ATF, de Groot CPGM. Effect of fish oil on cognitive performance in older subjects: A randomized, controlled trial. Neurology. 2008 Aug; 71(6): 430-438.
- van de Rest O, Geleijnse JM, Kok FJ, van Staveren WA, Dullemeijer C, OldeRickkert MGM, Beekman ATF, de Groot CPGM. Effect of fish oil on cognitive performance in older subjects: A randomized, controlled trial. Neurology. 2008 Aug; 71(6): 430-438.
- van Gelder BM, Tijhuis M, Kalmijn S, Kromhout D. Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent five-year cognitive decline in elderly men: The Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr; 85(4): 1,142-1,147.
- van Gelder BM, Tijhuis M, Kalmijn S, Kromhout D. Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent five-year cognitive decline in elderly men: The Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr; 85(4): 1,142-1,147.
- Detail
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Search Plan and Results: DFA: DHA/EPA and CVD inflammatory markers 2010
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Conclusion