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  • Intervention
    Are children on protein sparing modified fast diets less hungry than children on balanced macronutrient diets at the same level of energy intake?
    • Conclusion

       

      There is insufficient evidence to determine whether or not high-protein, low-carbohydrate, very-low-calorie diets provide a greater level of satiety for children in weight loss programs than balanced macronutrient diets at the same level of energy intake.

       

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    Do protein sparing modified fast diets bring about greater weight loss in children than macronutrient balanced diets of the same level of energy intake?
    • Conclusion

      There is insufficient evidence to suggest that high-protein, low-carbohydrate, very-low-calorie diets (protein-sparing modified fast) result in greater long-term weight loss in children, compared to balanced macronutrient diets at the same calorie intake level.

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    Do protein sparing modified fast diets preserve fat free body mass in children better than balanced macronutrient diets at the same level of energy intake?
    • Conclusion

      There is insufficient evidence to determine whether the short-term use of protein-sparing modified-fast diets preserve fat-free body mass in children any more or less effectively than balanced macronutrient diets at the same energy intake level.

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
    Does short term (no more than 20 weeks) use of protein sparing modified fast diets compromise fat free body mass in obese children?
    • Conclusion

      Several studies from a single program that measured body composition, using skin calipers, indicate that short-term use of PSMF for weight-loss in children, by and large, preserves fat-free body mass. 

    • Grade: III
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Basic Research
    What evidence is there that short-term use of protein sparing modified fast diets for childhood weight loss may compromise the growth velocity of children?
    • Conclusion

      The evidence is too limited to determine the long-term the effects of the short-term use (less than 20 weeks) of a protein-sparing modified fast on children's linear growth.

    • Grade: V
      • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
      • Grade II is Fair;
      • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
      • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
      • Grade V is Not Assignable.
      • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
      • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
      • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
      • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
      • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.