Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners

NNNS: Appetite (2006)

• Intervention
  In adults, do non-nutritive sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame) affect appetite?

  • Conclusion

    Taken together the results of - mostly short-term - studies indicate that non-nutritive sweeteners do not affect appetite in adults.

     

     

  • Grade: I
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults, do non-nutritive sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame) affect appetite? (2006)
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Abdallah L, Chabert M, Louis-Sylvestre J. Cephalic phase responses to sweet taste. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Mar;65(3):737-43.
      • Black RM et al. Soft drinks with aspartame: effect on subjective hunger, food selection, and food intake of young adult males. Physiology and Behavior, 1991, vol. 49 803-810.
      • Black RM et al. Consuming aspartame with and without taste: differential effects on appetite and food intake of young adult males. Physiol Behavior. 1993 March 53; (4) 459-66.
      • Blackburn GL et al, The effect of aspartame as part of a multidisciplinary weight-control program on short- and long-term control of body weight, Am J Clin Nutr. 1997:65:409-18.
      • Blundell JE, Green SM. Effect of sucrose and sweeteners on appetite and energy intake. International Journal of Obesity, 1996, 20, Suppl. 2, S12-17.
      • Butchko HH, Stargel WW, Comer CP, Mayhew DA, Benninger C, Blackburn GL, de Sonneville LM, Geha RS, Hertelendy Z, Koestner A, Leon AS, Liepa GU, McMartin KE, Mendenhall CL, Munro IC, Novotny EJ, Renwick AG, Schiffman SS, Schomer DL, Shaywitz BA, Spiers PA, Tephly TR, Thomas JA, Trefz FK. Aspartame: review of safety. "Intake of Aspartame vs Acceptable Daily Intake" Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;35(2 Pt 2):S1-93.
      • Canty DJ, Chan MM. Effects of consumption of caloric vs. non caloric sweet drinks on indices of hunger and food consumption in normal adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 53: 1159-64.
      • Drewnowski A. Intense sweeteners and the control of appetite. Nutrition Reviews. 1995, vol. 53, no. 1; 1-7.
      •  Drewnowski A, Massien C, et al The effects of aspartame versus sucrose on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy intakes in obese and lean women. Int. J Obesity. 1994; 18:570-8.
      • Holt SH, Sandona N, Brand-Miller JC. The effects of sugar-free vs sugar-rich beverages on feelings of fullness and subsequent food intake. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2000 Jan;51(1):59-71.
      • Lavin JH et al. The effect of sucrose-and aspartame-sweetened drinks on energy intake, hunger and food choice of female, moderately restrained eaters. International Journal of Obestiy. 1997; 21, 37-42.
      • Mattes R. Effects of Aspartame and Sucrose on Hunger and Energy Intake in humans. Physiology and Behavior, 1990, vol. 47, 1,037-1,044.
      • Renwick AG. Intense Sweeteners, Food Intake, and the weight of a body of Evidence. Physiology and Behavior, 1994, vol. 55, p. 139-143.
      • Rogers PJ, Blundell JE. Separating the actions of sweetness and calories: Effects of saccharin and carbohydrates on humger and food intake in human subjects. Physiology and Behavior, 1989, vol. 45, p. 1,093-1,099.
      • Rogers PJ, Burley VJ, Alikhanizadeh LA, Blundell JE.  Postingestive inhibition of food intake by aspartame: importance of interval between aspartame administration and subsequent eating. Physiol Behav. 1995, Mar; 57 (3): 489-493. PMID: 7753886.
      • Rolls BJ, Laster LJ, Summerfelt A. Hunger and food intake following consumption of low-calorie foods. Appetite. 1989 Oct; 13 (2): 115-27.
        
      • Rolls BJ, Kim S, Fedoroff IC. Effects of drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame on hunger, thirst and food intake in men. Physiol Behav. 1990 Jul; 48 (1): 19-26.
      • Rolls BJ. Effects of intense sweeteners on hunger, food intake, and body weight: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991: 53: 872-878.
      • Tordoff MG, Alleva AM. Oral stimulation with aspartame increases hunger. Physiol Behav. 1990 Mar; 47 (3): 555-559.
      • Van Wymelbeke V, Beridot-Therond ME, de La Gueronniere V, Fantino M. Influence of repeated consumption of beverages containing sucrose or intense sweeteners on food intake. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jan; 58 (1): 154-161.
  In children, do non-nutritive sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame) affect appetite?

  • Conclusion

    There are not enough studies in children to draw a conclusion. Further research is needed.

     

  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In children, do non-nutritive sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame) affect appetite? (2006)
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Anderson GH, Saravis S, Schacher R, Zlotkin S, Leiter LA. Aspartame: effect on lunch-time food intake, appetite and hedonic response in children. Appetite. 1989 Oct; 13 (2): 93-103.
      • Rolls BJ. Effects of intense sweeteners on hunger, food intake, and body weight: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991: 53: 872-878.