NNNS: Food Intake (2006)
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Intervention
Do non-nutritive sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame) affect food intake in adults?
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Conclusion
Non-nutritive sweeteners do not increase food intake. Modest energy savings can result if non-nutritive sweeteners replace sugar-sweetened products in a form that is also lower energy.
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Grade: II
- Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
- Grade II is Fair;
- Grade III is Limited/Weak;
- Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
- Grade V is Not Assignable.
- High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
- Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
- Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
- Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
- Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
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Evidence Summary: Do non-nutritive sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame) affect food intake in adults?
- Detail
- Quality Rating Summary
For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
- Worksheets
- Bellisle F, Altenburg de Assis MA, Fieux B, Preziosi P, Galan P, Guy-Grand B, Hercberg S. Use of 'light' foods and drinks in French adults: biological, anthropometric and nutritional correlates. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2001 Jun; 14 (3): 191-206.
- Black RM et al. Soft drinks with aspartame: effect on subjective hunger, food selection, and food intake of young adult males. Physiology and Behavior, 1991, vol. 49 803-810.
- Black RM et al. Consuming aspartame with and without taste: differential effects on appetite and food intake of young adult males. Physiol Behavior. 1993 March 53; (4) 459-66.
- Blackburn GL et al, The effect of aspartame as part of a multidisciplinary weight-control program on short- and long-term control of body weight, Am J Clin Nutr. 1997:65:409-18.
- Blundell JE, Green SM. Effect of sucrose and sweeteners on appetite and energy intake. International Journal of Obesity, 1996, 20, Suppl. 2, S12-17.
- Butchko H et al, Aspartame: review of safety. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr; 35 (2 Pt. 2): S1-93. Evaluation of appetite, food intake, and usefulness of aspartame in weight control (S83-87).
- Canty DJ, Chan MM. Effects of consumption of caloric vs. non caloric sweet drinks on indices of hunger and food consumption in normal adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 53: 1159-64.
- Drewnowski A et al. Comparing the effects of aspartame and sucrose on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy intakes in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994; 59:338-45.
- Drewnowski A. Intense sweeteners and the control of appetite. Nutrition Reviews. 1995, vol. 53, no. 1; 1-7.
- Drewnowski A, Intense sweetners and energy density of foods: implications for weight control European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 53: 757-763.
- Drewnowski A, Massien C, et al The effects of aspartame versus sucrose on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy intakes in obese and lean women. Int. J Obesity. 1994; 18:570-8.
- Holt SH, Sandona N, Brand-Miller JC. The effects of sugar-free vs sugar-rich beverages on feelings of fullness and subsequent food intake. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2000 Jan;51(1):59-71.
- Lavin JH et al. The effect of sucrose-and aspartame-sweetened drinks on energy intake, hunger and food choice of female, moderately restrained eaters. International Journal of Obestiy. 1997; 21, 37-42.
- Mattes R. Effects of Aspartame and Sucrose on Hunger and Energy Intake in humans. Physiology and Behavior, 1990, vol. 47, 1,037-1,044.
- Mela DJ. Fat and sugar substitutes: implications for dietary intakes and energy balance. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1997: 56, 827-840.
- Raben A, Vasilaras TH, Moller AC, A Astrup. Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:721-9.
- Renwick AG. Intense Sweeteners, Food Intake, and the weight of a body of Evidence. Physiology and Behavior, 1994, vol. 55, p. 139-143.
- Rodin J. Comparative effects of fructose, aspartame, glucose, and water preloads on calorie and macronutrient and macronutrient intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990; 51: 428-435
- Rogers PJ, Blundell JE. Separating the actions of sweetness and calories: Effects of saccharin and carbohydrates on humger and food intake in human subjects. Physiology and Behavior, 1989, vol. 45, p. 1,093-1,099.
- Rogers PJ, Burley VJ, Alikhanizadeh LA, Blundell JE. Postingestive inhibition of food intake by aspartame: importance of interval between aspartame administration and subsequent eating. Physiol Behav. 1995, Mar; 57 (3): 489-493. PMID: 7753886.
- Rolls BJ, Laster LJ, Summerfelt A. Hunger and food intake following consumption of low-calorie foods. Appetite. 1989 Oct; 13 (2): 115-27.
- Rolls BJ, Kim S, Fedoroff IC. Effects of drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame on hunger, thirst and food intake in men. Physiol Behav. 1990 Jul; 48 (1): 19-26.
- Rolls BJ. Effects of intense sweeteners on hunger, food intake, and body weight: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991: 53: 872-878.
- Tordoff MG, Alleva AM, Effect of drinking soda sweetened with aspartame or high-fructose corn syrup on food intake and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 51:963-9.
- Van Wymelbeke V, Beridot-Therond ME, de La Gueronniere V, Fantino M. Influence of repeated consumption of beverages containing sucrose or intense sweeteners on food intake. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jan; 58 (1): 154-161.
- Detail
Do non-nutritive sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame) affect food intake in children?-
Conclusion
Non-nutritive sweeteners do not increase food intake. Short-term studies suggest that modest energy savings can result if non-nutritive sweeteners replace sugar-sweetened products in a form that is also lower energy. Long-term studies need to assess if use of non-nutritive sweeteners in children help to balance energy intakes with energy expenditures.
-
Grade: II
- Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
- Grade II is Fair;
- Grade III is Limited/Weak;
- Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
- Grade V is Not Assignable.
- High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
- Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
- Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
- Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
- Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
-
Evidence Summary: Do non-nutritive sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame) affect food intake in children?
- Detail
- Quality Rating Summary
For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
- Worksheets
- Anderson GH, Saravis S, Schacher R, Zlotkin S, Leiter LA. Aspartame: effect on lunch-time food intake, appetite and hedonic response in children. Appetite. 1989 Oct; 13 (2): 93-103.
- Birch LL et al, Children's Food Intake following Drinks Sweetened with Sucrose or Aspartame: Time Course Effects. Physiology and Behavior, 1989, vol. 45; 387-395.
- Blundell JE, Green SM. Effect of sucrose and sweeteners on appetite and energy intake. International Journal of Obesity, 1996, 20, Suppl. 2, S12-17.
- Butchko H et al, Aspartame: review of safety. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr; 35 (2 Pt. 2): S1-93. Evaluation of appetite, food intake, and usefulness of aspartame in weight control (S83-87).
- Drewnowski A. Intense sweeteners and the control of appetite. Nutrition Reviews. 1995, vol. 53, no. 1; 1-7.
- Drewnowski A, Intense sweetners and energy density of foods: implications for weight control European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 53: 757-763.
- Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Osganian S, Chomitz VR, Ellenbogen SJ, Ludwig DS. Effects of decreasing sugar sweetened beverage consumption on body weight in adolescents: a randomized controlled pilot study. Pediatrics, March 2006 vol. 117 no. 3; 673-680.
- Mela DJ. Fat and sugar substitutes: implications for dietary intakes and energy balance. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1997: 56, 827-840.
- Renwick AG. Intense Sweeteners, Food Intake, and the weight of a body of Evidence. Physiology and Behavior, 1994, vol. 55, p. 139-143.
- Rolls BJ. Effects of intense sweeteners on hunger, food intake, and body weight: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991: 53: 872-878.
- Wilson JF. Lunch eating behavior of preschool children. Effects of age, gender, and type of beverage served. Physiol Behav. 2000 Jul 1-15; 70 (1-2): 27-33.
- Detail
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Conclusion