Overview of Predictive Equations Topic (2019)
Table 1. Predictive equations to estimate energy needs in adults with COPD, descriptions and studies examining the equations.
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| STUDIES | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PREDICTIVE EQUATION | DESCRIPTION | Farooqi et al, 2015 | Nordenson et al, 2010 | Ramos et al, 2016 | Slinde et al, 2008 | Slinde et al, 2011 |
| Body Weight W × 30 kcal W=wt (kg) |
Predicted TEE in people with COPD using weight. | X | ||||
| de Oliveira1 475.3 + (14.9 × W) + (235.8 × G) Males G=1; Females G=0; W=wt (kg) |
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight, height, age, sex. | X | ||||
| Harris-Benedict2 M: 66.47 + (13.75 × W) + (5 × H) − (6.75 × A) F: 655 + (9.5 × W) + (1.8 × H) − (4.67 × A) W=wt (kg), H=ht (cm), A=age (y) |
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight, height, age, sex. | X | X | X | X | |
| Moore and Angelillo3 M: (11.5 × W) + 952 F: (14.1 × W) + 515 W=wt (kg) |
Predicted RMR in people with COPD using weight and sex. | X | X | X | ||
| Owen4,5 M: 879 + (10.2 × W) F: 795 + (7.18 × W) W=wt (kg) |
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight and sex. | X | ||||
| Mifflin-St. Jeor6 M: (9.99 × W) + (6.25 × H) − (4.92 × A) – 161 F: (9.99 × W) + (6.25 × H) − (4.92 × A) + 5 W=wt (kg), H=ht (cm), A=age (y) |
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight, height, age, sex. | X | ||||
| Nordenson7 1,856 + 76.0 × FFM FFM=fat-free mass (kg) |
Predicted RMR in people with COPD using FFM. | X | X | |||
| Nordic Nutrition Recommendations8 31-60 y: 9.7 × W + 693 kcal 61-70 y: 10.2 × W + 571 kcal >70 y: 10.0 × W + 576 kcal W=wt (kg) |
Based on Henry 2005, which in turn is based on the 1985 WHO equation [WHO omitting ht)]. | X | ||||
| Schofield9 F (30-60 y): 8.13 × W + 846 kcal F (>60 y): 9.08 × W + 659 kcal W=wt (kg) |
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight, age, sex. The Schofield data constitute a large portion of the data used to calculate the 1985 WHO equation so the two are similar to one another. In 2004, the FAO/WHO/UNU updated its report and adopted the Schofield equation. | X | ||||
| RMR × 1.710 | Predicted TEE using predicted RMR × 1.7 in people with COPD. | X | ||||
| Westerterp11 M and F: (0.102 × FFM) + (0.024 × FM) + 0.85 × 1,000 FFM=fat-free mass (kg); FM=fat mass (kg) |
Predicted RMR in healthy people using FFM and FM. | X | ||||
| WHO (including ht)12 M (<60 y): (11.3 × W) + (16 × H) + 901 M (>60 y): (8.8 × W) + (1,128 × H) − 1,071 F (<60 y): (8.7 × W) – (25 × H) + 865 F (>60 y): (9.2 × W) + (637 × H) − 302 W=wt (kg), H=ht (m) |
Predicted RMR in healthy people from the WHO using weight, height, age, sex. This equation was published in 1985. | X | X | |||
| WHO (omitting ht)12 M (30-60 y): (11.6 × W) + 879 kcal M (>60 y): (13.5 × W) + 487 kcal F (30-60 y): (8.7 × W) + 829 kcal F (>60 y): (10.5 × W) + 596 kcal W=wt (kg) |
Shortened variation of WHO equation using only BW, age, and sex. This equation was published in 1985. | X | X | X | X | |
Abbreviations: BW=body weight; cm=centimeters; F=females; ht=height; kcals=kilocalories; kg=kilograms; M=males; RMR=resting metabolic rate; TEE=total energy expenditure; WHO=World Health Organization; wt=weight; y=year(s).
1de Oliveira EP, Orsatti FL, Teixeira O, Maestá N, Burini RC. Comparison of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in overweight and obese adults. J Obes. 2011; 2011: 534714. Epub 2011 Jul 21. PMID: 21822484.
2Harris JA, Benedict FG. A biometric study of basal metabolism in man. Publication 279. Washington DC: Carnegie Institute; 1919.
3Moore JA, Angelillo VA. Equations for the prediction of resting energy expenditure in chronic obstructive lung disease. Chest. 1988 Dec; 94(6): 1,260-1,263. PMID: 3191768.
4Owen OE, Kavle E, Owen RS, Polansky M, Caprio S, Mozzoli MA, Kendrick ZV, Bushman MC, Boden G. A reappraisal of caloric requirements in healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Jul; 44(1): 1-19. PMID: 3728346.
5Owen OE, Holup JL, D'Alessio DA, Craig ES, Polansky M, Smalley KJ, Kavle EC, Bushman MC, Owen LR, Mozzoli MA, et al. A reappraisal of the caloric requirements of men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 Dec; 46(6): 875-885. PMID: 3687821.
6Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Feb; 51(2): 241-247. PMID: 2305711.
7Nordenson A, Grönberg AM, Hulthén L, Larsson S, Slinde F. A validated disease specific prediction equation for resting metabolic rate in underweight patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2010 Sep 7; 5: 271-276. Review. PMID: 20856826.
8Henry CJ. Basal metabolic rate studies in humans: measurement and development of new equations. Public Health Nutr. 2005 Oct; 8(7A): 1,133-1,152. Review. PMID: 16277825.
9Schofield WN. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1985; 39 Suppl 1: 5-41. PMID: 4044297.
10Baarends EM, Schols AM, Pannemans DL, Westerterp KR, Wouters EF. Total free living energy expenditure in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Feb;155(2): 549-554. PMID: 9032193.
11Westerterp KR, Donkers JH, Fredrix EW, Boekhoudt P. Energy intake, physical activity and body weight: a simulation model. Br J Nutr. 1995; 73: 337-347. PMID: 7766558.
12Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization and United Nations University. Energy and protein requirements: report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. World Health Organization Technical Report Series. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 724; 1–206, 1985.