Overview of Predictive Equations Topic (2019)

Overview of Predictive Equations Topic (2019)

Table 1. Predictive equations to estimate energy needs in adults with COPD, descriptions and studies examining the equations.

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    STUDIES
PREDICTIVE EQUATION DESCRIPTION Farooqi et al, 2015 Nordenson et al, 2010 Ramos et al, 2016 Slinde et al, 2008 Slinde et al, 2011
Body Weight
W × 30 kcal
W=wt (kg)
Predicted TEE in people with COPD using weight.         X
de Oliveira1
475.3 + (14.9 × W) + (235.8 × G)
Males G=1; Females G=0; W=wt (kg)
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight, height, age, sex.     X    
Harris-Benedict2
M: 66.47 + (13.75 × W) + (5 × H) − (6.75 × A) 
F: 655 + (9.5 × W) + (1.8 × H) − (4.67 × A) 
W=wt (kg), H=ht (cm), A=age (y) 
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight, height, age, sex. X X X X  
Moore and Angelillo3
M: (11.5 × W) + 952 
F: (14.1 × W) + 515 
W=wt (kg)
Predicted RMR in people with COPD using weight and sex. X X   X  
Owen4,5
M: 879 + (10.2 × W)
F: 795 + (7.18 × W)
W=wt (kg)
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight and sex.     X    
Mifflin-St. Jeor6 
M: (9.99 × W) + (6.25 × H) − (4.92 × A) – 161
F: (9.99 × W) + (6.25 × H) − (4.92 × A) + 5
W=wt (kg), H=ht (cm), A=age (y)    
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight, height, age, sex.     X    
Nordenson7 
1,856 + 76.0 × FFM 
FFM=fat-free mass (kg)    
Predicted RMR in people with COPD using FFM. X X      
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations8
31-60 y: 9.7 × W + 693 kcal 
61-70 y: 10.2 × W + 571 kcal
>70 y: 10.0 × W + 576 kcal 
W=wt (kg)
Based on Henry 2005, which in turn is based on the 1985 WHO equation [WHO omitting ht)]. X        
Schofield9
F (30-60 y): 8.13 × W + 846 kcal 
F (>60 y): 9.08 × W + 659 kcal
W=wt (kg)    
Predicted RMR in healthy people using weight, age, sex. The Schofield data constitute a large portion of the data used to calculate the 1985 WHO equation so the two are similar to one another. In 2004, the FAO/WHO/UNU updated its report and adopted the Schofield equation. X        
RMR × 1.710  Predicted TEE using predicted RMR × 1.7 in people with COPD.         X
Westerterp11 
M and F: 
(0.102 × FFM) + (0.024 × FM) + 0.85 × 1,000
FFM=fat-free mass (kg); FM=fat mass (kg)   
Predicted RMR in healthy people using FFM and FM.       X  
WHO (including ht)12 
M (<60 y): (11.3 × W) + (16 × H) + 901
M (>60 y): (8.8 × W) + (1,128 × H) − 1,071 
F (<60 y): (8.7 × W) – (25 × H) + 865
F (>60 y): (9.2 × W) + (637 × H) − 302 
W=wt (kg), H=ht (m)
Predicted RMR in healthy people from the WHO using weight, height, age, sex. This equation was published in 1985.     X X  
WHO (omitting ht)12 
M (30-60 y): (11.6 × W) + 879 kcal 
M (>60 y): (13.5 × W) + 487 kcal 
F (30-60 y): (8.7 × W) + 829 kcal
F (>60 y): (10.5 × W) + 596 kcal
W=wt (kg)
Shortened variation of WHO equation using only BW, age, and sex. This equation was published in 1985. X X X   X

Abbreviations: BW=body weight; cm=centimeters; F=females; ht=height; kcals=kilocalories; kg=kilograms; M=males; RMR=resting metabolic rate; TEE=total energy expenditure; WHO=World Health Organization; wt=weight; y=year(s).

1de Oliveira EP, Orsatti FL, Teixeira O, Maestá N, Burini RC. Comparison of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in overweight and obese adults. J Obes. 2011; 2011: 534714. Epub 2011 Jul 21. PMID: 21822484.

2Harris JA, Benedict FG. A biometric study of basal metabolism in man. Publication 279. Washington DC: Carnegie Institute; 1919.

3Moore JA, Angelillo VA. Equations for the prediction of resting energy expenditure in chronic obstructive lung disease. Chest. 1988 Dec; 94(6): 1,260-1,263. PMID: 3191768.

4Owen OE, Kavle E, Owen RS, Polansky M, Caprio S, Mozzoli MA, Kendrick ZV, Bushman MC, Boden G. A reappraisal of caloric requirements in healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Jul; 44(1): 1-19. PMID: 3728346.

5Owen OE, Holup JL, D'Alessio DA, Craig ES, Polansky M, Smalley KJ, Kavle EC, Bushman MC, Owen LR, Mozzoli MA, et al. A reappraisal of the caloric requirements of men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 Dec; 46(6): 875-885. PMID: 3687821.

6Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Feb; 51(2): 241-247. PMID: 2305711.

7Nordenson A, Grönberg AM, Hulthén L, Larsson S, Slinde F. A validated disease specific prediction equation for resting metabolic rate in underweight patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2010 Sep 7; 5: 271-276. Review. PMID: 20856826.

8Henry CJ. Basal metabolic rate studies in humans: measurement and development of new equations. Public Health Nutr. 2005 Oct; 8(7A): 1,133-1,152. Review. PMID: 16277825.

9Schofield WN. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1985; 39 Suppl 1: 5-41. PMID: 4044297.

10Baarends EM, Schols AM, Pannemans DL, Westerterp KR, Wouters EF. Total free living energy expenditure in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Feb;155(2): 549-554. PMID: 9032193.

11Westerterp KR, Donkers JH, Fredrix EW, Boekhoudt P. Energy intake, physical activity and body weight: a simulation model. Br J Nutr. 1995; 73: 337-347. PMID: 7766558.

12Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization and United Nations University. Energy and protein requirements: report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. World Health Organization Technical Report Series. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 724; 1–206, 1985.