Advanced Technology in Food Production

ATFP: Human Consumption of Animal Foods Produced Using Genetic Engineering (GE) Technologies (2015)

• Basic Research
  What is the effect of human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on food intake and nutrient adequacy?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on food intake and nutrient adequacy.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Food Intake/Nutrient Adequacy 2014
     
  What is the effect of human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on gene translocation?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on gene translocation.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Gene Translocation 2014
     
  What is the effect of human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on cancer?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on cancer.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Cancer 2014
     
  What is the effect of human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on food safety?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on food safety.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Food Safety 2014
     
  What is the effect of human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on phenotype expression?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on phenotype expression.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Phenotype Expression 2014
     
  What is the effect of human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on antibiotic resistance?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on antibiotic resistance.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Antibiotic Resistance 2014
     
  What is the effect of human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on inflammation or inflammatory markers?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on inflammation or inflammatory markers.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Inflammation 2014
     
  In subjects without existing food allergies, would the human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies cause allergenicity by sensitizing consumers to the novel proteins (or other proteins present at enhanced levels in the GE animal variety) contained in these GE animal foods?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on causing allergenicity by sensitizing consumers to the novel proteins (or other proteins present at enhanced levels in the GE animal variety) in subjects without existing food allergies.
    
     
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Allergenicity 2014
     
  In subjects without existing food allergies, would the human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies increase the prevalence of allergies to those animal foods by increasing the levels of known allergenic proteins already inherent in those foods?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on increasing the prevalence of allergies by increasing the levels of known allergenic proteins already inherent in those foods in subjects without existing food allergies.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Allergenicity 2014
     
  In subjects with existing food allergies, would the human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies elicit allergic reactions because of the presence of allergens or cross-reactive allergens from other biological sources (food or non-food) that are one of the novel proteins contained within these GE animal foods?

  • Conclusion
    One neutral-quality, non-randomized controlled trial in Japan reported no differences in the expression of known allergenic proteins, fish parvalbumin and fish-type I collagen, as well as no qualitative differences in several IgE-binding proteins (including parvalbumin, triose-phosphate isomerase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase A and serum albumin) between non-genetically engineered (non-GE) and growth hormone-transgenic amago salmons, using human sera. Additional research on human consumption of genetically engineered (GE) animal foods is needed, due to the limitations of conducting allergenicity research in subjects with food allergies.
  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In subjects with existing food allergies, would the human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies elicit allergic reactions because of the presence of allergens or cross-reactive allergens from other biological sources (food or non-food) that are one of the novel proteins contained within these GE animal foods?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Nakamura R, Satoh R, Nakajima Y, Kawasaki N, Yamaguchi T, Sawada J, Nagoya H, Teshima R. Comparative study of GH-transgenic and non-transgenic amago salmon (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae) allergenicity and proteomic analysis of amago salmon allergens. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009; 55 (3): 300-308.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Allergenicity 2014
     
  In subjects with existing food allergies, what is the effect of human consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on reducing allergenicity?

  • Conclusion
    There were no human studies identified to address consumption of animal foods produced using genetic engineering (GE) technologies on reducing allergenicity in subjects with existing food allergies.
  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: ATFP: Human Consumption of Genetically Engineered Animal Foods and Allergenicity 2014