Gestational Diabetes

GDM: Prevention of GDM Diagnosis (2008)

• Intervention
  What are the nutrition interventions that may prevent the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in preganant women?

  • Conclusion

    Twelve studies were evaluated to investigate nutrition and physical activity interventions and the prevention of gestational diabetes.  Obesity, excessive weight gain prior to pregnancy and increased saturated fat intake are associated with the development of glucose abnormalities in pregnancy and increased risk of gestational diabetes.  Evidence regarding the consumption of micronutrients are conflicting, as the relationship between the prevalence of gestational diabetes and vitamin and mineral intake may be related to nutritional adequacy of the diet and gestational weight gain; further research is needed in this area.   

  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: Nutrition interventions that may prevent the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Bo S, Lezo A, Menato G, Gallo ML, Bardelli C, Signorile A, Berutti C, Massobrio M, Pagano GF. Gestational hyperglycemia, zinc, selenium, and antioxidant vitamins. Nutrition 2005;21:186-191.
      • Bo S, Menato G, Lezo A, Signorile A, Bardelli C, De Michieli F, Massobrio M, Pagano G. Dietary fat and gestational hyperglycaemia.  Diabetologia 2001;44:972-978.
      • Glazer NL, Hendrickson AF, Schellenbaum GD, Mueller BA. Weight Change and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes in Obese Women. Epidemiology 2004;15(6):733-737.
      • Gunton JE, Hams G, Hitchman R, McElduff A. Serum chromium does not predict glucose tolerance in late pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:99-104.
      • Lao TT, Ho LF. Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27(3);650-656. 
      • Lao TT, Chan PL, Tam KF.  Gestational diabetes mellitus in the last trimester - a feature of maternal iron excess? Diabetes Medicine 2001;18:218-223.
      • Rudra CB, Williams MA, Lee IM, Miller RS, Sorensen TK. Perceived Exertion in Physical Activity and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Epidemiology 2006; 17(1): 31-37.
      • Saldana TM, Siega-Riz AM, Adair LS. Effect of macronutrient intake on the development of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79:479-86. 
      • Tan M, Sheng L, Qian Y, Ge Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiang M, Zhang G. Changes in Serum Selenium in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.  Biological Trace Element Research 2001;83:231-237.
      • Wang Y, Storlein LH, Jenkins AB, Tapsell LC, Jin Y, Pan JF, Shao YF, Calvert GD, Moses RG, Shi HL, Zhu XX. Dietary Variables and Glucose Tolerance in Pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2000; 23(4):460-464. 
      • Zhang C, Williams MA, Frederick IO, King IB, Sorensen TK, Kestin MM, Dashow EE, Luthy DA. Vitamin C and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study.  Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2004; 49(4):257-266. 
      • Zhang C, Williams MA, Sorensen TK, King IB, Kestin MM, Thompson ML, Leisenring WM, Dashow EE, Luthy DA. Maternal Plasma Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Epidemiology 2004; 15(15):597-604.
  • Search Plan and Results: Prevention of GDM Diagnosis 2006