GDM: Protein (2001)
Article inclusion criteria not specified.
Recruitment
Inclusion methods not specified.
Design
Narrative Review.
Blinding used (if applicable): not applicable
Intervention (if applicable): not applicable
Statistical Analysis
Not performed.
Timing of Measurements
Not applicable.
Dependent Variables
Not applicable.
Independent Variables
Not applicable.
Control Variables
Not applicable.
Initial N: 49 references
Attrition (final N): 49
Age: not mentioned
Ethnicity: not mentioned
Other relevant demographics:
Anthropometrics (e.g., were groups same or different on important measures)
Location: Worldwide studies
Other Findings
GDM is a heterogeneous disorder in which age, obesity and genetic background contribute to the severity of the disease.
GDM may reflect a predisposition to type 2 diabetes or may be an extreme manifestation of metabolic alterations that normally occur during pregnancy.
GDM is related to a pronounced peripheral resistance to insulin.
GDM induces a state of dyslipidemia consistent with insulin resistance.
Total Energy Expenditure of women with GDM has been found to be 2900 kcal/day or 32 kcal/kg/day.
Energy restriction has resulted in glycemic control in obese women with GDM, but ketonuria increased 2-3 fold with a 50% energy restriction. Potentially deleterious effects of ketonemia on fetal development and subsequent intellectual performance of the infant warrant avoidance of ketonemia.
Preventive measures should be aimed at improving insulin sensitivity in women predisposed to GDM. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and consequences of alterations in lipid metabolism during pregnancy.
| Government: | USDA |
| University/Hospital: | Baylor College of Medicine |
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Quality Criteria Checklist: Review Articles
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| Relevance Questions | |||
| 1. | Will the answer if true, have a direct bearing on the health of patients? | Yes | |
| 2. | Is the outcome or topic something that patients/clients/population groups would care about? | Yes | |
| 3. | Is the problem addressed in the review one that is relevant to dietetics practice? | Yes | |
| 4. | Will the information, if true, require a change in practice? | Yes | |
| Validity Questions | |||
| 1. | Was the question for the review clearly focused and appropriate? | Yes | |
| 2. | Was the search strategy used to locate relevant studies comprehensive? Were the databases searched and the search termsused described? | No | |
| 3. | Were explicit methods used to select studies to include in the review? Were inclusion/exclusion criteria specified andappropriate? Wereselectionmethods unbiased? | No | |
| 4. | Was there an appraisal of the quality and validity of studies included in the review? Were appraisal methodsspecified,appropriate, andreproducible? | No | |
| 5. | Were specific treatments/interventions/exposures described? Were treatments similar enough to be combined? | Yes | |
| 6. | Was the outcome of interest clearly indicated? Were other potential harms and benefits considered? | Yes | |
| 7. | Were processes for data abstraction, synthesis, and analysis described? Were they applied consistently acrossstudies and groups? Was thereappropriate use of qualitative and/or quantitative synthesis? Was variation in findings among studies analyzed? Were heterogeneity issued considered? If data from studies were aggregated for meta-analysis, was the procedure described? | No | |
| 8. | Are the results clearly presented in narrative and/or quantitative terms? If summary statistics are used, are levels ofsignificance and/or confidence intervals included? | Yes | |
| 9. | Are conclusions supported by results with biases and limitations taken into consideration? Are limitations ofthe review identified anddiscussed? | Yes | |
| 10. | Was bias due to the review's funding or sponsorship unlikely? | Yes | |