GDM: Protein (2001)
Recruitment: Article search strategies not described.
Design: Narrative review
Blinding used (if applicable): not applicable
Intervention (if applicable): not applicable
Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis not completed.
Timing of Measurements: not applicable
Dependent Variables: not applicable
Independent Variables: not applicable
Control Variables: not applicable
Initial N: 117 references included
Attrition (final N): 117
Age: not mentioned
Ethnicity: not mentioned
Other relevant demographics:
Anthropometrics:
Location: Worldwide studies
Other Findings
The major absorbed products of carbohydrate-containing foods are glucose, fructose and galactose and the quantitative effect of these on the plasma glucose and insulin response is different for each.
In addition, data indicate that the glucose and particularly the insulin response is different from that in nondiabetic people.
The quantitative effect of dietary proteins and fats on the circulating glucose and insulin concentrations in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects has also been reviewed, and neither has a significant effect on the glucose concentration.
Protein stimulates insulin secretion, and this is relatively more prominent in people with NIDDM.
A strong synergistic interaction with glucose on insulin secretion is present, but this is absent in nondiabetic people.
Ingested fat does not independently stimulate insulin secretion.
However, when ingested with carbohydrate, it may have a considerable effect on the plasma glucose and/or insulin response to that carbohydrate, and the responses are different in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects, which is probably not due to altered carbohydrate absorption.
Intestinal hormones undoubtedly play a large role in the insulin secretory response in all of these studies but this remains to be completely elucidated.
Government: | Veterans Administration | ||
Industry: |
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University/Hospital: | VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota |
Searching strategy not described and research quality not assessed.
Quality Criteria Checklist: Review Articles
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Relevance Questions | |||
1. | Will the answer if true, have a direct bearing on the health of patients? | Yes | |
2. | Is the outcome or topic something that patients/clients/population groups would care about? | Yes | |
3. | Is the problem addressed in the review one that is relevant to dietetics practice? | Yes | |
4. | Will the information, if true, require a change in practice? | Yes | |
Validity Questions | |||
1. | Was the question for the review clearly focused and appropriate? | Yes | |
2. | Was the search strategy used to locate relevant studies comprehensive? Were the databases searched and the search termsused described? | No | |
3. | Were explicit methods used to select studies to include in the review? Were inclusion/exclusion criteria specified andappropriate? Wereselectionmethods unbiased? | No | |
4. | Was there an appraisal of the quality and validity of studies included in the review? Were appraisal methodsspecified,appropriate, andreproducible? | No | |
5. | Were specific treatments/interventions/exposures described? Were treatments similar enough to be combined? | Yes | |
6. | Was the outcome of interest clearly indicated? Were other potential harms and benefits considered? | Yes | |
7. | Were processes for data abstraction, synthesis, and analysis described? Were they applied consistently acrossstudies and groups? Was thereappropriate use of qualitative and/or quantitative synthesis? Was variation in findings among studies analyzed? Were heterogeneity issued considered? If data from studies were aggregated for meta-analysis, was the procedure described? | No | |
8. | Are the results clearly presented in narrative and/or quantitative terms? If summary statistics are used, are levels ofsignificance and/or confidence intervals included? | Yes | |
9. | Are conclusions supported by results with biases and limitations taken into consideration? Are limitations ofthe review identified anddiscussed? | Yes | |
10. | Was bias due to the review's funding or sponsorship unlikely? | Yes | |