Malnutrition in Pregnancy

MIP: Micronutrient Deficiency (2018)

• Basic Research
  What are the short-term and long-term health effects of malnutrition in pregnancy (as defined by micronutrient deficiency) on anthropometric measurements (birth weight and length)?

  • Conclusion
    The reviewed evidence observed similar percentages of low birth weight between control and low serum magnesium groups (one out of one study). However, the vitamin A deficiency group had significantly lower birth weight, weight, length, weight-for-age Z-score and length-for-age Z-score (except weight-for-length Z-score) at six months, and higher risk of low birth weight (one out of one study).
  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: What are the short-term and long-term health effects of malnutrition in pregnancy (as defined by micronutrient deficiency) on anthropometric measurements (birth weight, length)?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Enaruna N, Ande A, Okpere E. Clinical significance of low serum magnesium in pregnant women attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2013; 16:448-453
      • Tielsch J, Rahmathullah L, Katz J, Thulasiraj R, Coles C, Sheeladevi S, Prakash K. Maternal night blindness during pregnancy is associated with low birthweight, morbidity, and poor growth in South India. The Journal of Nutrition. 2008; 138:787-792
  • Search Plan and Results: MIP: Heath Effects of MIP (2015)
     
  What are the short-term and long-term health effects of malnutrition in pregnancy (as defined by micronutrient deficiency) on pre-term birth or gestational age?

  • Conclusion
    The reviewed evidence observed greater pre-term birth in the low serum magnesium group vs. the control group (one out of one study).
  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: What are the short-term and long-term health effects of malnutrition in pregnancy (as defined by micronutrient deficiency) on pre-term birth and gestational age?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Enaruna N, Ande A, Okpere E. Clinical significance of low serum magnesium in pregnant women attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2013; 16:448-453
  • Search Plan and Results: MIP: Heath Effects of MIP (2015)
     
  What are the short-term and long-term health effects of malnutrition in pregnancy (as defined by micronutrient deficiency) on infant illness or complications: various?

  • Conclusion
    The reviewed evidence observed similar percentages of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions between control and low serum magnesium groups (one out of one study). Women in the lowest plasma vitamin B₁₂ quartile had a significantly higher risk of a neural tube defect-affected pregnancy (one out of one study). Women with the lowest plasma folate and erythrocyte folate (but not plasma pyridoxal-5′-phosphate or plasma homocysteine) quartiles had significantly higher risk of oral clefts or multiple congenital anomalies affecting offspring (one out of one study). Vitamin B₁₂ intake (but not vitamin B₆ or folate intake) less than 10^th percentile (less than 2.1mcg) was associated with greater risk of offspring congenital heart defect (one out of one study).
  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: What are the short-term and long-term health effects of malnutrition in pregnancy (as defined by micronutrient deficiency) on infant illness or complications: various?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Enaruna N, Ande A, Okpere E. Clinical significance of low serum magnesium in pregnant women attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2013; 16:448-453
      • Molloy A, Kirke P, Troendle J, Burke H, Sutton M, Brody L, Scott J, Mills J. Maternal vitamin B12 status and risk of neural tube defects in a population with high neural tube defect prevalence and no folic Acid fortification. Pediatrics. 2009; 123:917-923
      • Munger R, Tamura T, Johnston K, Feldkamp M, Pfister R, Cutler R, Murtaugh M, Carey J. Oral clefts and maternal biomarkers of folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism in Utah. Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 2011; 91:153-161
      • Verkleij-Hagoort A,de Vries J,Ursem N,de Jonge R,Hop W,Steegers-Theunissen R. Dietary intake of B-vitamins in mothers born a child with a congenital heart defect. European journal of nutrition 2006; 45:478-486
  • Search Plan and Results: MIP: Heath Effects of MIP (2015)
     
  What are the short-term and long-term health effects of malnutrition in pregnancy (as defined by micronutrient deficiency) on mortality?

  • Conclusion
    The reviewed evidence observed similar six-month mortality rates per 1,000 child-years between vitamin A deficiency and control groups (one out of one study).
  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: What are the short-term and long-term health effects of malnutrition in pregnancy (as defined by micronutrient deficiency) on mortality?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Tielsch J, Rahmathullah L, Katz J, Thulasiraj R, Coles C, Sheeladevi S, Prakash K. Maternal night blindness during pregnancy is associated with low birthweight, morbidity, and poor growth in South India. The Journal of Nutrition. 2008; 138:787-792
  • Search Plan and Results: MIP: Heath Effects of MIP (2015)