Individuals with celiac disease demonstrate improved quality of life after compliance with a gluten-free dietary pattern for at least 1 year. Those who have been symptom-detected rather than screen-detected demonstrated greater improvement in quality of life. Individuals with celiac disease may not attain the same level of quality of life as the general population, due to social inconveniences of following a gluten-free dietary pattern; these issues are reported more frequently by women than men. Those with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, despite adherence to a gluten-free dietary pattern, also did not attain quality of life comparable to the general population.