HTN: Sub-group Analysis of MNT Interventions (2022-24)

Medical Nutrition Therapy Interventions: Sub-Group Analysis

The following table is a visual representation of the results of a subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effect of medical nutrition therapy delivered by a registered dietitian nutritionist or international equivalent on adults with pre-hypertension or hypertension according to intervention characteristics mean difference (95% CI)^a. Further synthesis can be found in the systematic review evidence summaries.


Variable	SBP (mmHG) (n=21 studies)	DBP (mmHG) (n=22 studies)	BW (KG) (n=14 studies)	BMI (kg/m2) (n=7 studies)
Dietitian only or Multidisciplinary Team vs. Controls
Dietitian only	-4.73 (-5.66, -3.80) n=8 studies	-2.49 (-3.16, -1.82) n=9 studies	-2.09 (-3.98, -0.20) n=2 studies	-1.45 (-2.79, -0.10) n=3 studies
Multidisciplinary	-2.04 (-2.73, -1.36) n=13 studies	-1.25 (-2.59, -1.50) n=13 studies	-1.73 (-2.67, -0.79) n=12 studies	-0.22 (-0.41, -0.03) n=4 studies
Individual or Blended (individual and group) Intervention Settings vs. Controls
Individual	-4.53 (-6.54, -2.53) n=13 studies	-2.29 (-3.45, -1.13) n=13 studies	-0.79 (-1.50, -0.07) n=6 studies	-0.09 (-0.35, 0.17) n=5 studies
Group	-5.50 (-18.52, 7.52) n=1 study	-3.50 (-9.82, 2.82) n=1 study	-0.90 (-15.20, 13.40) n=1 study	n=0 studies
Blended	-3.27 (-4.10, -2.44) n=7 studies	-1.91 (-2.55, -1.26) n=8 studies	-2.41 (-3.62, -1.19) n=7 studies	-0.67 (-1.76, 0.41) n=2 studies
Anti-hypertensive Medication Use vs. Controls
Majority using anti-HTN	-3.16 (-4.12, -2.21) n=12 studies	-1.62 (-2.30, -0.93) n=14 studies^b	-1.26 (-2.01, -0.51) n=11 studies	-0.22 (-0.47, 0.02) n=4 studies
No anti-HTN use	-5.16 (-6.98, -3.34) n=9 studies	-2.71 (-3.75, -1.66) n=9 studies^b	-2.31 (-3.84, -0.79) n=3 studies	-1.18 (-2.79, 0.42) n=3 studies
Duration of Intervention vs. Controls
<6 months	-4.66 (-5.86, -3.46) n=11 studies	-3.51 (-4.53, -2.48) n=12 studies	-0.65 (-1.29, -0.01) n=5 studies	-1.20 (-2.78, 0.37) n=3 studies
6-12 months	-4.58 (-9.30, 0.14) n=6 studies	-1.48 (-2.21, -0.75) n=7 studies	-1.88 (-3.20, -0.56) n=6 studies	-0.08 (-0.34, 0.18) n=3 studies
>12 months	-2.81 (-3.67, -1.96) n=4 studies	-1.28 (-2.21, -0.35) n=3 studies	-2.49 (-4.02, -0.96) n=3 studies	-0.40 (-0.67, -0.13) n=1 study
Publication Date vs. Controls
Published before 2000	-3.04 (-3.82, -2.26) n=8 studies	-1.75 (-2.35, -1.15) n=9 studies	-2.25 (-3.44, -1.05) n=8 studies	-0.40 (-0.68, -0.13) n=2 studies
Published2000 onward	-5.48 (-8.10, -2.87) n=13 studies	-2.73 (-4.19, -1.27) n=13 studies	-0.86 (-1.61, -0.10) n=6 studies	-0.10 (-0.36, 0.16) n=5 studies
Overweight/Obesity Required for Inclusion (Yes vs. No)
Overweight/Obesity Required	-4.17 (-7.30, -1.05) n=7 studies	-2.42 (-3.49, -1.34) n=8 studies	-2.00 (-3.31, -0.69) n=6 studies	-0.10 (-0.43, 0.23) n=2 studies
Not required	-3.45 (-4.24, -2.67) n=14 studies	-1.76 (-2.43, -1.09) n=14 studies	-1.67 (-2.87, -0.47) n=8 studies	-0.42 (-0.69, -0.15) n-5 studies
Anti-HTN=anti-hypertensive medication; BMI=body mass index; BW=body weight; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure

a All results are compared with control groups. For the study characteristic of “ROB classification”, too few studies were classified as “High risk” or “Low risk” to be stratified in subgroup analyses; thus, ROB classification was not included in subgroup analyses.
b Samples sizes do not add up to n=22 studies, as one publication included analysis of anti-HTN use vs. no anti-HTN use for BW and is represented in the sample size for each category.