CRDA: Lipid Outcomes (2023)

CRDA: Lipid Outcomes (2023)

• Intervention
  In adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction compared to higher CHO diets on total cholesterol?

  • Conclusion

    Evidence suggests that intake of a low- or moderate-carbohydrate (CHO) diet compared to a higher CHO intake likely reduces total cholesterol in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  • Grade: Moderate (B)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction compared to higher CHO diets on total cholesterol?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Chen C, Huang W, Chen H, Chang C, Lee L, Chen H, Kang Y, Chie W, Jan C, Wang W, Tsai J. Effect of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control, small, dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients: An 18-month randomised controlled trial. PloS One 2020; 15:e0240158
      • Esposito K, Maiorino M, Petrizzo M, Bellastella G, Giugliano D. The effects of a Mediterranean diet on the need for diabetes drugs and remission of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: follow-up of a randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1824-1830
      • Fabricatore A, Wadden T, Ebbeling C, Thomas J, Stallings V, Schwartz S, Ludwig D. Targeting dietary fat or glycemic load in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2011; 92:37-45
      • Guldbrand H, Dizdar B, Bunjaku B, Lindström T, Bachrach-Lindström M, Fredrikson M, Ostgren C, Nystrom F. In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2118-2127
      • Larsen R, Mann N, Maclean E, Shaw J. The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2011; 54:731-740
      • Pedersen E, Jesudason D, Clifton P. High protein weight loss diets in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases 2014; 24:554-562
      • Wang L, Wang Q, Hong Y, Ojo O, Jiang Q, Hou Y, Huang Y, Wang X. The Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2018; 10:1716-1722
      • Watson N, Dyer K, Buckley J, Brinkworth G, Coates A, Parfitt G, Howe P, Noakes M, Murphy K. Effects of Low-Fat Diets Differing in Protein and Carbohydrate Content on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors during Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2016; 8:
  • Search Plan and Results: CRDA: Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2023
     
  In adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction compared to higher CHO diets on HDL-cholesterol?

  • Conclusion

    Evidence suggests that intake of a low- or moderate-carbohydrate (CHO) diet compared to a higher CHO intake may have little or no effect on HDL-C in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  • Grade: Low (C)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction compared to higher CHO diets on HDL-cholesterol?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Chen C, Huang W, Chen H, Chang C, Lee L, Chen H, Kang Y, Chie W, Jan C, Wang W, Tsai J. Effect of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control, small, dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients: An 18-month randomised controlled trial. PloS One 2020; 15:e0240158
      • Esposito K, Maiorino M, Petrizzo M, Bellastella G, Giugliano D. The effects of a Mediterranean diet on the need for diabetes drugs and remission of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: follow-up of a randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1824-1830
      • Fabricatore A, Wadden T, Ebbeling C, Thomas J, Stallings V, Schwartz S, Ludwig D. Targeting dietary fat or glycemic load in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2011; 92:37-45
      • Guldbrand H, Dizdar B, Bunjaku B, Lindström T, Bachrach-Lindström M, Fredrikson M, Ostgren C, Nystrom F. In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2118-2127
      • Sato J, Kanazawa A, Makita S, Hatae C, Komiya K, Shimizu T, Ikeda F, Tamura Y, Ogihara T, Mita T, Goto H, Uchida T, Miyatsuka T, Takeno K, Shimada S, Ohmura C, Watanabe T, Kobayashi K, Miura Y, Iwaoka M, Hirashima N, Fujitani Y, Watada H. A randomized controlled trial of 130 g/day low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2017; 36:992-1000
      • Watson N, Dyer K, Buckley J, Brinkworth G, Coates A, Parfitt G, Howe P, Noakes M, Murphy K. Effects of Low-Fat Diets Differing in Protein and Carbohydrate Content on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors during Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2016; 8:
  • Search Plan and Results: CRDA: Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2023
     
  In adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction compared to higher CHO diets on LDL-cholesterol?

  • Conclusion

    Evidence suggests that intake of a low- or moderate-carbohydrate (CHO) diet compared to a higher CHO intake may reduce LDL-C in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  • Grade: Low (C)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction compared to higher CHO diets on LDL-cholesterol?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Chen C, Huang W, Chen H, Chang C, Lee L, Chen H, Kang Y, Chie W, Jan C, Wang W, Tsai J. Effect of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control, small, dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients: An 18-month randomised controlled trial. PloS One 2020; 15:e0240158
      • Esposito K, Maiorino M, Petrizzo M, Bellastella G, Giugliano D. The effects of a Mediterranean diet on the need for diabetes drugs and remission of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: follow-up of a randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1824-1830
      • Fabricatore A, Wadden T, Ebbeling C, Thomas J, Stallings V, Schwartz S, Ludwig D. Targeting dietary fat or glycemic load in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2011; 92:37-45
      • Guldbrand H, Dizdar B, Bunjaku B, Lindström T, Bachrach-Lindström M, Fredrikson M, Ostgren C, Nystrom F. In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2118-2127
      • Larsen R, Mann N, Maclean E, Shaw J. The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2011; 54:731-740
      • Pedersen E, Jesudason D, Clifton P. High protein weight loss diets in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases 2014; 24:554-562
      • Sato J, Kanazawa A, Makita S, Hatae C, Komiya K, Shimizu T, Ikeda F, Tamura Y, Ogihara T, Mita T, Goto H, Uchida T, Miyatsuka T, Takeno K, Shimada S, Ohmura C, Watanabe T, Kobayashi K, Miura Y, Iwaoka M, Hirashima N, Fujitani Y, Watada H. A randomized controlled trial of 130 g/day low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2017; 36:992-1000
      • Watson N, Dyer K, Buckley J, Brinkworth G, Coates A, Parfitt G, Howe P, Noakes M, Murphy K. Effects of Low-Fat Diets Differing in Protein and Carbohydrate Content on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors during Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2016; 8:
  • Search Plan and Results: CRDA: Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2023
     
  In adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction compared to higher CHO diets on triglycerides?

  • Conclusion

    Evidence suggests that intake of a low- or moderate-carbohydrate (CHO) diet compared to a higher CHO intake likely reduces triglycerides in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  • Grade: Moderate (B)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, what is the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction compared to higher CHO diets on triglycerides?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Chen C, Huang W, Chen H, Chang C, Lee L, Chen H, Kang Y, Chie W, Jan C, Wang W, Tsai J. Effect of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control, small, dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients: An 18-month randomised controlled trial. PloS One 2020; 15:e0240158
      • Esposito K, Maiorino M, Petrizzo M, Bellastella G, Giugliano D. The effects of a Mediterranean diet on the need for diabetes drugs and remission of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: follow-up of a randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1824-1830
      • Fabricatore A, Wadden T, Ebbeling C, Thomas J, Stallings V, Schwartz S, Ludwig D. Targeting dietary fat or glycemic load in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2011; 92:37-45
      • Guldbrand H, Dizdar B, Bunjaku B, Lindström T, Bachrach-Lindström M, Fredrikson M, Ostgren C, Nystrom F. In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2118-2127
      • Larsen R, Mann N, Maclean E, Shaw J. The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2011; 54:731-740
      • Pedersen E, Jesudason D, Clifton P. High protein weight loss diets in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases 2014; 24:554-562
      • Sato J, Kanazawa A, Makita S, Hatae C, Komiya K, Shimizu T, Ikeda F, Tamura Y, Ogihara T, Mita T, Goto H, Uchida T, Miyatsuka T, Takeno K, Shimada S, Ohmura C, Watanabe T, Kobayashi K, Miura Y, Iwaoka M, Hirashima N, Fujitani Y, Watada H. A randomized controlled trial of 130 g/day low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2017; 36:992-1000
      • Watson N, Dyer K, Buckley J, Brinkworth G, Coates A, Parfitt G, Howe P, Noakes M, Murphy K. Effects of Low-Fat Diets Differing in Protein and Carbohydrate Content on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors during Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2016; 8:
  • Search Plan and Results: CRDA: Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2023