Foods containing carbohydrates from whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low fat milk should be included in a healthy diet. The total amount of carbohydrate consumed at meals and snacks influences the postmeal glucose response to a greater extent than other macronutrients. There is a direct relationship between the amount of carbohydrate in a meal, postmeal blood glucose response and premeal rapid- or short- acting insulin requirements to maintain desirable blood glucose goals. Individuals receiving intensive insulin therapy can adjust the premeal insulin dose based on the amount of carbohydrate at meals to maintain blood glucose goals. The type and amount of carbohydrate in diets of individuals with type 2 diabetes needs to be individualized based on the lipid profile and type of diabetes medications. Some studies have shown short-term improvements in glycemic control by incorporating high-fiber, low glycemic index foods in meals and /or snacks. (2001)
