Energy Expenditure

EE: Duration of Measurement (Steady State) (2014)

• Assessment
  How long should the duration of the RMR measurement be to achieve a steady state in healthy and non-critically ill adults?

  • Conclusion

    Based on the evidence reviewed, in adults, after discarding the first five minutes of data to exclude artifact, achieving at least four minutes of steady state [10% or less coefficient of variation (CV) in VO₂ and VCO₂] is acceptable. Research indicates that measurements as short as four minutes in steady state are comparable to longer steady state measurements. Measurement periods have primarily been tested in healthy adults; one study tested both healthy adults as well as stable COPD patients and found no significant differences between various RMR measurement lengths.

  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: How long should the duration of the RMR measurement be to achieve a steady state in healthy and non-critically ill adults?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Horner NK, Lampe JW, Patterson RE, Neuhouser ML, Beresford SA, Prentice RL. Indirect calorimetry protocol development for measuring resting metabolic rate as a component of total energy expenditure in free-living postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2001; 131 (8): 2,215-2,218.
      • Reeves MM, Davies PS, Bauer J, Battistutta D. Reducing the time period of steady state does not affect the accuracy of energy expenditure measurements by indirect calorimetry. J Appl Physiol. 2004 Jul; 97(1): 130-134.
      • Schols AMWJ, Schoffelen PFM, Ceulemans H, Wouters EFM, Saris WHM. Measurement of resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a clinical setting. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1992; 16(4): 364-368.
  • Search Plan and Results: EE: Duration of Measurement and Steady State in Healthy and Non-Critically Ill Individuals 2012
     
  How long should the duration of the RMR measurement be to achieve a steady state in healthy and non-critically ill children?

  • Conclusion
    Based on the evidence reviewed, in healthy children, the rest period may be included in the RMR measurement period. When using this approach, RMR measurements recorded after the 10th minute are not significantly different from RMR measured after 30 minutes of rest, but RMR measurements taken around the 20th minute may have the least variability.
    
    
    
    
     
  • Grade: III
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: How long should the duration of the RMR measurement be to achieve a steady state in healthy and non-critically ill children?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Mellecker RR, McManus AM. Measurement of resting energy expenditure in healthy children. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009 Nov-Dec; 33(6): 640-645.
  • Search Plan and Results: EE: Duration of Measurement and Steady State in Healthy and Non-Critically Ill Individuals 2012
     
  If steady state cannot be achieved, how long should the duration of an indirect calorimetry measurement be in the healthy and non-critically ill?

  • Conclusion

    There were no studies identified to address the duration of an indirect calorimetry measurement, when steady state cannot be achieved, in healthy and non-critically ill individuals.

  • Grade: V
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Search Plan and Results: EE: Duration of Measurement and Steady State in Healthy and Non-Critically Ill Individuals 2012