Disorders of Lipid Metabolism

DLM-SF: Dairy Compared to Non-Dairy (2021)

• Intervention
  In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on blood pressure?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy does not have differing effects on blood pressure.

  • Grade: Low (C)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on blood pressure?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Abdullah M, Cyr A, Lépine M, Labonté M, Couture P, Jones P, Lamarche B. Recommended dairy product intake modulates circulating fatty acid profile in healthy adults: a multi-centre cross-over study. British Journal of Nutrition 2015; 113:435-444
      • Drouin-Chartier J, Gigleux I, Tremblay A, Poirier L, Lamarche B, Couture P. Impact of dairy consumption on essential hypertension: a clinical study. Nutrition Journal 2014; 13:83
      • Khaw K, Sharp S, Finikarides L, Afzal I, Lentjes M, Luben R, Forouhi N. Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020167
  • Search Plan and Results: DLM-SF: Source of Saturated Fat (RCTs) (2021)
     
  In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on endothelial function?

  • Conclusion

    In adults with mild to moderate hypertension, saturated fat intake from dairy compared to nondairy may have a beneficial effect on endothelial function based on one randomized controlled trial with high risk of bias. No studies were identified that evaluated populations with other health conditions.  

  • Grade: Very Low (D)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on endothelial function?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Abdullah M, Cyr A, Lépine M, Labonté M, Couture P, Jones P, Lamarche B. Recommended dairy product intake modulates circulating fatty acid profile in healthy adults: a multi-centre cross-over study. British Journal of Nutrition 2015; 113:435-444
      • Drouin-Chartier J, Gigleux I, Tremblay A, Poirier L, Lamarche B, Couture P. Impact of dairy consumption on essential hypertension: a clinical study. Nutrition Journal 2014; 13:83
      • Khaw K, Sharp S, Finikarides L, Afzal I, Lentjes M, Luben R, Forouhi N. Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020167
  • Search Plan and Results: DLM-SF: Source of Saturated Fat (RCTs) (2021)
     
  In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat intake from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on total cholesterol?

  • Conclusion

    In healthy adults, intake of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy does not likely have an effect on total cholesterol levels. No studies were identified that evaluated populations with other health conditions.  

  • Grade: Very Low (D)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with or without cardiovascular disease (CVD), what is the effect of saturated fat intake from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on total cholesterol?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Kris-Etherton P, Derr J, Mitchell D, Mustad V, Russell M, McDonnell E, Salabsky D, Pearson T. The role of fatty acid saturation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins: I. Effects of whole food diets high in cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, dairy butter, and milk chocolate on the plasma lipids of young men. Metabolism 1993; 42:121-129
  • Search Plan and Results: DLM-SF: Source of Saturated Fat (RCTs) (2021)
     
  In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on LDL cholesterol?

  • Conclusion

    In healthy adults, intake of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy may slightly increase LDL cholesterol.  No studies were identified that evaluated populations with other health conditions.

  • Grade: Very Low (D)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD), what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on LDL cholesterol?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Abdullah M, Cyr A, Lépine M, Labonté M, Couture P, Jones P, Lamarche B. Recommended dairy product intake modulates circulating fatty acid profile in healthy adults: a multi-centre cross-over study. British Journal of Nutrition 2015; 113:435-444
      • Khaw K, Sharp S, Finikarides L, Afzal I, Lentjes M, Luben R, Forouhi N. Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020167
      • Kris-Etherton P, Derr J, Mitchell D, Mustad V, Russell M, McDonnell E, Salabsky D, Pearson T. The role of fatty acid saturation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins: I. Effects of whole food diets high in cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, dairy butter, and milk chocolate on the plasma lipids of young men. Metabolism 1993; 42:121-129
  • Search Plan and Results: DLM-SF: Source of Saturated Fat (RCTs) (2021)
     
  In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on HDL cholesterol?

  • Conclusion

    In healthy adults, intake of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy does not likely have an effect on HDL cholesterol levels. No studies were identified that evaluated populations with other health conditions. 

     

  • Grade: Very Low (D)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with and without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on HDL cholesterol?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Abdullah M, Cyr A, Lépine M, Labonté M, Couture P, Jones P, Lamarche B. Recommended dairy product intake modulates circulating fatty acid profile in healthy adults: a multi-centre cross-over study. British Journal of Nutrition 2015; 113:435-444
      • Khaw K, Sharp S, Finikarides L, Afzal I, Lentjes M, Luben R, Forouhi N. Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020167
      • Kris-Etherton P, Derr J, Mitchell D, Mustad V, Russell M, McDonnell E, Salabsky D, Pearson T. The role of fatty acid saturation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins: I. Effects of whole food diets high in cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, dairy butter, and milk chocolate on the plasma lipids of young men. Metabolism 1993; 42:121-129
  • Search Plan and Results: DLM-SF: Source of Saturated Fat (RCTs) (2021)
     
  In adults with or without cardiovascular disease, what is the effect of saturated fat from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on c-reactive protein (CRP)?

  • Conclusion

    In healthy adults, saturated fat intake from dairy compared to saturated fat intake from non-dairy does not likely have an effect on CRP based on one randomized controlled trial.  No studies were identified that evaluated the effect In other populations.

  • Grade: Very Low (D)
    • Grade I means there is Good/Strong evidence supporting the statement;
    • Grade II is Fair;
    • Grade III is Limited/Weak;
    • Grade IV is Expert Opinion Only;
    • Grade V is Not Assignable.
    • High (A) means we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect;
    • Moderate (B) means we are moderately confident in the effect estimate;
    • Low (C) means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited;
    • Very Low (D) means we have very little confidence in the effect estimate.
    • Ungraded means a grade is not assignable.
  • Evidence Summary: In adults with or without cardiovascular disease (CVD), what is the effect of the amount of saturated fat intake from dairy compared to saturated fat from non-dairy on c-reactive protein (CRP)?
    • Detail
    • Quality Rating Summary
      For a summary of the Quality Rating results, click here.
    • Worksheets
      • Khaw K, Sharp S, Finikarides L, Afzal I, Lentjes M, Luben R, Forouhi N. Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020167
  • Search Plan and Results: DLM-SF: Source of Saturated Fat (RCTs) (2021)